适用于孤岛运行的永磁同步电机自动功率平衡控制策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221348

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摘要该文提出了两种适用于孤岛运行的基于永磁同步风机的自动功率平衡控制策略。在控制策略Ⅰ中,风机的网侧换流器保持换流器电压的幅值和频率为恒定,转子侧换流器通过PI控制器调整功率参考值进而维持直流电压;在控制策略Ⅱ中,风机网侧换流器利用直流母线电压的动态实现电网同步和惯性响应,机侧换流器根据直流母线电压偏差调整有功功率以模拟一次频率控制。这两种策略都可以有效地保证风机的独立运行,无需锁相环和外部电源。特别地,策略II突出了节能特性,将直流电容器中的储备能量用于系统惯性支持和负载需求响应,以降低风机飞车的风险。为了提高策略Ⅱ在暂态期间并网点的电压质量,该文进一步提出了维持并网点电压的改进控制方案。基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件建立了单台风机向若干本地负荷供电的典型孤岛运行模型,在负荷突然降低或升高情形下分析和对比了所提两种策略的有效性。

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关键词 ：永磁同步风机, 孤岛运行模式, 自动功率平衡控制, 惯量响应, 一次调频, 节能特性

Abstract：Recently, the permanent magnet synchronous generator-based wind turbine (PMSG-based WT) have gained significant popularity in wind power applications. With the development of microgrids, the PMSG-based WTs are required to be operated in the stand-alone operation mode in some scenarios. The previous studies in stand-alone microgrids mainly focus on the phase-locked loop (PLL)-based controls for WT, which still require the external grid-forming power supplies. The recent studies for the stand-alone operation of PLL-free WTs were relatively complicated and difficult to adjust the parameters. They did not adequately discuss the coordination of grid side converter (GSC) and rotor side converter (RSC) of WT, nor did they consider the demand response in stand-alone operation mode (SAOM). To bridge these gaps, this paper proposed two advanced autonomous power balance control schemes for PMSG-based WT in SAOM.
In the first strategy, the GSC of WT controls the converter voltage as an ideal voltage source with the fixed modulation index and frequency, while the RSC of WT modifies the active power reference by controlling DC-link voltage through one PI controller. The main drawbacks of the first strategy are that the load demand response is not taken into consideration and it may not ensure the power synchronism of multi-WT in SAOM. Therefore, in the second strategy, the GSC of WT achieves grid-synchronization and inertia response utilizing the dynamic of DC-link voltage, while the RSC adjusts active power based on the DC-link voltage deviations to mimic the primary frequency control. Both proposed strategies can effectively ensure the independent operation of WT without PLL and external power supplies. Compared with the typical virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controls and other SAOM controls, the complexity of the proposed strategies is more reduced, and the control parameters are easy to tune, as they only require the measurement of DC-link voltage. Particularly, Strategy II stands out by the energy-efficient property by using the reserved energy in DC capacitor for system inertia support and the load demand response to decrease the risks of WT tripping off. In order to improve the voltage profile of the second proposed scheme, an improved GSC control of WT via one simple PI controller for sustaining the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage during system disturbance is further proposed. Nonlinear simulations of one PMSG connected with several local loads considering various power system contingencies have been studied to verify the effectiveness of two proposed strategies.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) Both strategies can effectively ensure the stable operation of PMSG-based WT in tested stand-alone system. (2) Strategy I can well stabilize the grid frequency and the DC-link voltage. But it requires high operation costs of WT and is not energy-saving in SAOM. (3) Strategy II makes the alternation of DC-link voltage proportional to the grid frequency, which reduces the power balance burden of stand-alone WT by temporally absorbing or releasing the energy from DC capacitor during load changes. More importantly, Strategy II stands out by fully utilizing the load demand response for fast power balance and decreasing the risk of WT tripping, which is more energy-efficient and is suitable for multi-WTs operation in SAOM.

Key words： Permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) stand-alone operation autonomous power balance control inertia response primary frequency control energy-efficient property

收稿日期: 2022-07-13

PACS:

TM711

基金资助:中国南方电网公司科技项目资助项目（036000KK52210042（GDKJXM20212057））

通讯作者: 陆秋瑜女,1986年生,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为电力系统调度自动化等。E-mail：luqiuyu22@126.com

作者简介: 戴耀辉男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：dyh1499973952@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

陆秋瑜, 戴耀辉, 杨银国, 韩金龙, 廖鹏. 适用于孤岛运行的永磁同步电机自动功率平衡控制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 46-46. Lu Qiuyu, Dai Yaohui, Yang Yinguo, Han Jinlong, Liao Peng. Novel Autonomous Power Balance Control for PMSG Based Wind Turbine in Stand Alone Operation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 46-46.

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