Abstract:DC micro-grid is a grid form integrating distributed energy systems with utility power systems. As the indispensable interface circuits, bidirectional DC-DC converters (BDC) play an important role in DC micro-grids. It can effectively improve the distributed energy utilization ratio as well as the performance and quality of DC micro-grids. After the brief introduction of DC micro-grid system architectures, the four typical applications of BDC in DC micro-grids are classified and aggregated. This paper concludes the current research achievements, and focuses on the applications of BDC in DC micro-grids. Finally, the future development tends of BDC are discussed on the view of DC micro-grid development trends and the key technologies of power electronics.
雷志方, 汪飞, 高艳霞, 阮毅. 面向直流微网的双向DC-DC变换器研究现状和应用分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(22): 137-147.
Lei Zhifang, Wang Fei, Gao Yanxia, Ruan Yi. Research Status and Application Analysis of Bidirectional DC-DC Converters in DC Micro-Grids. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(22): 137-147.
[1] 鲁宗相, 王彩霞, 闵勇, 等. 微电网研究综述[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2007, 31(19): 100-107. Lu Zongxiang, Wang Caixia, Min Yong, et al. Overview on micro-grid research[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2007, 31(19): 100-107. [2] 王成山, 肖朝霞, 王守相. 微电网综合控制与分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2008, 32(7): 98-103. Wang Chengshan, Xiao Zhaoxia, Wang Shouxiang. Synthetical control and analysis of micro-grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2008, 32(7): 98-103. [3] 王成山, 武震, 李鹏. 微电网关键技术研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(2): 1-12. Wang Chengshan, Wu Zhen, Li Peng. Research on key technologies of micro-grid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(2): 1-12. [4] Wang F, Duarte J L, Hendrix M A M. Grid- interfacing converter systems with enhanced voltage quality for micro grid application-concept and implementation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2011, 26(12): 3501-3513. [5] Echeverria J, Kouro S, Perez M, et al. Multi-modular cascaded DC-DC converter for HVDC grid connection of large-scale photo-voltaic power systems[C]//9th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), Vienna, 2013: 6999-7005. [6] 吴卫民, 何远彬, 耿攀, 等. 直流微网研究中的关键技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(1): 98-107. Wu Weimin, He Yuanbin, Geng Pan, et al. Key technologies for DC micro-grids[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(1): 98-107. [7] 郑漳华, 艾芊. 微电网的研究现状及在我国的应用前景[J]. 电网技术, 2008, 32(16): 27-31. Zheng Zhanghua, Ai Qian. Present situation of research on micro-grid and its application prospects in China[J]. Power System Technology, 2008, 32(16): 27-31. [8] 丁明, 张颖媛, 茆美琴. 微网研究中的关键技术[J]. 电网技术, 2009, 33(11): 6-11. Ding Ming, Zhang Yingyuan, Mao Meiqin. Key technologies for micro-grids being researched[J]. Power System Technology, 2009, 33(11): 6-11. [9] 宋强, 赵彪, 刘文华, 等. 智能直流配电网研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(25): 9-19. Song Qiang, Zhao Biao, Liu Wenhua, et al. An overview of research on smart DC distribution power network[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(25): 9-19. [10] 陈伟, 石晶, 任丽, 等. 微网中的多元复合储能技术[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(1): 112-115. Chen Wei, Shi Jing, Ren Li, et al. Composite usage of muti-type energy storage technologies in micro grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2010, 34(1): 112-115. [11] 王司博, 韦统振, 齐智平. 超级电容器储能的节能系统研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2010, 30(9): 105-110. Wang Sibo, Wei Tongzhen, Qi Zhiping. Energy saving system based on super capacitor[J]. Pro- ceedings of the CSEE, 2010, 30(9): 105-110. [12] 王承民, 孙伟卿, 衣涛, 等. 智能电网中储能技术应用规划及其效益评估方法综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(7): 33-41. Wang Chengmin, Sun Weiqing, Yi Tao, et al. Review on energy storage application planning and benefit evaluation methods in smart grid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(7): 33-41. [13] 王毅, 张丽荣, 李和明, 等. 风电直流微网的电压分层协调控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(4): 16-25. Wang Yi, Zhang Lirong, Li Heming, et al. Hierarchical coordinated control of wind turbine- based DC microgrid[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(4): 16-25. [14] Boroyevich D, Cvetkovic I, Dong D, et al. Future electronic power distribution systems a contemplative view[C]//IEEE 12th International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM), Basov, 2010: 1369-1380. [15] Huang A Q, Crow M L, Heydt G T, et al. The future renewable electric energy delivery and management (FREEDM) system: the energy internet[J]. Pro- ceedings of the IEEE, 2011, 99(1): 133-148. [16] Kakigano H, Miura Y, Ise T, et al. DC voltage control of the DC micro-grid for super high quality distribution[C]//IEEE Power Conversion Conference, Nagoya, 2007: 518-525. [17] Kakigano H, Miura Y, Ise T. Low-voltage bipolar- type DC microgrid for super high quality distri- bution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, 25(12): 3066-3075. [18] Brenna M, Tironi E, Ubezio G. Proposal of a local DC distribution network with distributed energy resources[C]//IEEE 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2004: 397-402. [19] 李露露, 雍静, 曾礼强, 等. 低压直流双极供电系统的接地型式研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(13): 2210-2218. Li Lulu, Yong Jing, Zeng Liqiang, et al. Researches on grounding types of low-voltage DC bipolar distribution systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(13): 2210-2218. [20] 张方华. 双向DC-DC变换器的研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2004. [21] 严仰光. 电力电子技术[M]. 南京: 江苏科学技术出版社, 2004. [22] 张方华, 严仰光. 推挽正激移相式双向DC-DC变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2004, 19(12): 59-64. Zhang Fanghua, Yan Yangguang. Research on push-pull phase shifted bi-directional DC-DC converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2004, 19(12): 59-64. [23] 张方华, 严仰光. 一族正反激组合式双向DC-DC变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(5): 157- 162. Zhang Fanghua, Yan Yangguang. A family of forward-flyback hybrid bi-directional DC-DC con- verters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2004, 24(5): 157-162. [24] 林维明, 郭晓君, 黄超. 改进单周期控制策略的双向大变比DC-DC开关变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(21): 31-37. Lin Weiming, Guo Xiaojun, Huang Chao. Bi- directional DC-DC converters with large conversion ratio based on improved one-cycle control[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(21): 31-37. [25] 张国驹, 唐西胜, 齐智平. 超级电容器与蓄电池混合储能系统在微网中的应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(12): 85-89. Zhang Guoju, Tang Xisheng, Qi Zhiping. Application of hybrid energy storage system of super-capacitors and batteries in a microgrid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2010, 34(12): 85-89. [26] 张国驹, 唐西胜, 周龙, 等. 基于互补PWM控制的Buck/Boost双向变换器在超级电容器储能中的应用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(6): 15-21. Zhang Guoju, Tang Xisheng, Zhou Long, et al. Research on complementary PWM controlled Buck/ Boost bi-directional converter in super capacitor energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(6): 15-21. [27] 刘志文, 夏文波, 刘明波. 基于复合储能的微电网运行模式平滑切换控制[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(4): 906-912. Liu Zhiwen, Xia Wenbo, Liu Mingbo. Control method and strategy for smooth switching of microgrid operation modes based on complex energy storage[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(4): 906-912. [28] 陆治国, 祝万平, 刘捷丰, 等. 一种新型交错并联双向 DC/DC 变换器[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(12): 39-46. Lu Zhiguo, Zhu Wanping, Liu Jiefeng, et al. A novel interleaved parallel bidirectional DC/DC converter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(12): 39-46. [29] Garcia O, Zumel P, de Castro A, et al. Automotive DC-DC bidirectional converter made with many interleaved Buck stages[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2006, 21(3): 578-586. [30] 杨玉岗, 祁鳞, 吴建鸿. 三相交错并联磁集成Boost变换器的内部本质安全特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(4): 54-62. Yang Yugang, Qi Lin, Wu Jianhong. Analysis of inner-intrinsic safety for three-phase interleaving magnetic integrated Boost converter[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(4): 54-62. [31] 李辉, 付博, 杨超, 等. 多级钒电池储能系统的功率优化分配及控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(16): 70-77. Li Hui, Fu Bo, Yang Chao, et al. Power optimization distribution and control strategies of multistage vanadium redox flow battery energy storage systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(16): 70-77. [32] Jin K, Yang M, Ruan X, et al. Three-level bidirectional converter for fuel-cell/battery hybrid power system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2010, 57(6): 1976-1986. [33] Zhao C, Round S D, Kolar J W. An isolated three- port bidirectional DC-DC converter with decoupled power flow management[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2008, 23(5): 2443-2453. [34] 程红, 高巧梅, 朱锦标, 等. 基于双重移相控制的双向全桥DC-DC变换器动态建模与最小回流功率控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(3): 245-253. Cheng Hong, Gao Qiaomei, Zhu Jinbiao, et al. Dynamic modeling and minimum backflow power controlling of the bi-directional full-bridge DC-DC converters based on dual-phase-shifting control[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(3): 245-253. [35] Zhao B, Song Q, Liu W. Power characterization of isolated bidirectional dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter with dual-phase-shift control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(9): 4172-4176. [36] Zhao B, Yu Q, Sun W. Extended-phase-shift control of isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter for power distribution in micro grid[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2012, 27(11): 4667-4680. [37] Tao H, Kotsopoulos A, Duarte J L, et al. Family of multiport bidirectional DC-DC converters[J]. IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, 2006, 153(3): 451-458. [38] Li X, Bhat A K S. Analysis and design of high-frequency isolated dual-bridge series resonant DC/DC converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2010, 25(4): 850-862. [39] Ortiz G, Biela J, Bortis D, et al. 1 megawatt, 20kHz, isolated, bidirectional 12kV to 1.2kV DC-DC converter for renewable energy applications[C]// International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC), Sapporo, 2010: 3212-3219. [40] Aggeler D, Biela J, Kolar J W. A compact, high voltage 25kW, 50kHz DC-DC converter based on SiC JFETs[C]//IEEE Applied Power Electronics Con- ference (APEC), Austin, TX, 2008: 801-807. [41] Shigenori I, Hirofumi A. A bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter as a core circuit of the next- generation medium-voltage power conversion system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2007, 22(2): 535-542. [42] Zhao Biao, Song Qiang, Liu Wenhua, et al. Overview of dual-active-bridge isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter for high frequency link power-conversion system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(8): 4091-4106. [43] Yang L, Zhao T, Wang J, et al. Design and analysis of a 270kW five-level DC/DC converter for solid state transformer using 10kV SiC power devices[C]// Power Electronics Specialists Conference, Orlando, FL, 2007: 245-251. [44] 张国荣, 王新兵, 乔龙洋. 直流微网中母线电压对直流负载影响[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2013, 35(2): 65-67. Zhang Guorong, Wang Xinbing, Qiao Longyang. The impact of bus voltage on the DC load for DC micro- grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2013, 35(2): 65-67. [45] Zhang Xuhui, Wen Xuhui. A new control scheme for DC-DC converter feeding constant power load in electric vehicle[C]//IEEE International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Beijing, 2011: 1-4. [46] 张旭辉, 温旭辉, 赵峰. 电机控制器直流侧前置Buck/Boost双向变换器的母线电容电流控制策略研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(30): 23-29. Zhang Xuhui, Wen Xuhui, Zhao Feng. Research on the bus capacitor current control scheme for Buck/Boost bi-directional converters in motor drive 47 systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(30): 23-29. [47] 张晓峰, 吕征宇. 混合动力车用全数字电流控制型双向DC/DC变换器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(8): 84-89. Zhang Xiaofeng, Lü Zhengyu. Digital current controlled bi-directional DC/DC converter in the hybrid electric vehicle[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(8): 84-89. [48] 赵彪, 于庆广, 王立雯. Z源双向DC-DC变换器及其移相直通控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(9): 43-49. Zhao Biao, Yu Qingguang, Wang Liwen. A Z-source bi-directional DC-DC converter and its phase shifting-short control strategy[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(9): 43-49. [49] 张先进, 龚春英. 三电平半桥电压平衡器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(8): 114-119. Zhang Xianjin, Gong Chunying. Three-level half bridge voltage balancers[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(8): 114-119. [50] Zhang X, Gong C. Dual-Buck half-bridge voltage balancer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics, 2013, 60(8): 3157-3164. [51] 张弛, 江道灼, 叶李心, 等. 一种适用于直流配电网的双向稳压型电压平衡器[J]. 电力建设, 2013, 34(10): 53-59. Zhang Chi, Jiang Daozhuo, Ye Lixin, et al. A bi-directional voltage regulating balancer for DC power distribution network[J]. Electric Power Con- struction, 2013, 34(10): 53-59.