低齿槽转矩函数型转子磁通切换电机机理与性能分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250355

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摘要定子永磁型磁通切换（SPM-FS）电机因其具有转子结构简单、可靠性高、永磁体易于冷却等优点,在电动汽车、轨道交通等领域应用潜力巨大。然而,因其特殊的双凸极结构,该类型电机齿槽转矩较大。针对此问题,该文提出了转子齿顶外轮廓线分别符合y=k|x|和y=ax²函数分布的两种函数型转子SPM-FS电机,对比未经转子齿顶修型的原始转子电机,开展了不同转子结构电机的磁场调制机理和性能对比分析。首先,介绍了函数型转子电机结构和关键参数对性能的影响关系。其次,基于气隙磁场调制理论分析了函数型转子电机的磁场调制机理,揭示了其齿槽转矩和转矩脉动抑制机理。然后,对比分析了不同转子结构电机的反电动势、转矩、损耗等性能。最后,加工并测试了两种函数型转子电机,验证了理论分析的正确性和函数型转子齿槽转矩抑制的有效性。

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	张天翔
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	吴中泽

关键词 ：定子永磁, 磁通切换, 磁场调制, 齿槽转矩, 转矩脉动

Abstract：Stator permanent magnet flux-switching (SPM-FS) machines are promising in electric vehicles and rail transit due to the advantages of simple rotor structure, high reliability, and easy cooling of permanent magnets. However, this type of machine typically exhibits an ample cogging torque because of its special doubly-salient structure. Therefore, this paper proposes two kinds of functional rotors for the SPM-FS machines: the outer profiles of rotor tips that match the y=k|x| function and the y=ax² function distribution, respectively. Compared to the SPM-FS machine with the original rotor, the magnetic field modulation mechanism and performance of SPM-FS machines with functional rotors are studied.
Firstly, the structures of the proposed y=k|x| and y=ax² function-rotor SPM-FS machines are introduced. Taking the y=k|x| machine as an example, variations in key parameters (cogging torque, torque ripple, and torque ripple reduction coefficient) with coefficient k are analyzed. The influence of tooth width on machine performance in relation to k is also studied. A selection method for the coefficients k and a is provided.
Secondly, the machines’ air-gap magnetic field modulation mechanism, along with the generation and suppression mechanisms of cogging torque and torque ripple, is analyzed. The cogging torque and ripple are mainly influenced by harmonic components of the air-gap flux density resulting from the rotor modulation function. The relationships between air-gap flux density harmonics and cogging torque/average torque are analyzed. Both proposed machines improve the waveform of rotor modulation function, effectively suppressing high-order harmonics in the air-gap flux density, thereby reducing cogging torque and torque ripple.
Finally, based on the finite element method (FEM), the back electromotive force (back-EMF), cogging torque, torque characteristics, and losses for the original, y=k|x|, and y=ax²machines are presented. Compared to the original machine, the proposed y=k|x| and y=ax²machines reduce cogging torque by 88.15% and 98.31%, respectively, while their rated average torque decreases by merely 5.52% and 4.75%. Furthermore, the rated torque ripple of the y=k|x| and y=ax²machines is reduced from 25.79% to 4.73% and 1.42%, respectively. Prototypes of both proposed machines are manufactured and tested, which further validates the correctness of the theoretical and simulation analysis.
In summary, this paper conducted magnetic field modulation analysis and performance comparisons for the original, y=k|x|, and y=ax²SPM-FS machines. (1) The average torque of SPM-FS machines is primarily contributed by low-order harmonics modulated via a combination of i=1, 3, and j=1 (|iP_pm±jP_r|), while cogging torque and torque ripple are mainly generated by high-order air-gap flux density harmonics. (2) The suppression mechanisms for cogging torque and torque ripple are revealed. Specifically, while the y=k|x| machine effectively suppresses other cogging torque harmonics, its prominent 54^th and 66^th harmonics mutually cancel. The y=ax²machine directly suppresses high-order harmonic components in the cogging torque. (3) The y=ax²machine exhibits the smallest no-load back-EMF total harmonic distortion (THD), cogging torque, and torque ripple, with minimal reduction in rated no-load back-EMF fundamental amplitude and average torque. The y=k|x| machine yields the lowest losses.

Key words： Stator permanent magnet flux switching magnetic field modulation cogging torque torque ripple

收稿日期: 2025-03-07

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目（52130706）和东南大学南通海洋高等研究院重点项目（KP202405）资助

通讯作者: 花为男,1978年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电动汽车电机驱动系统、新型永磁电机本体分析设计与控制等。E-mail: huawei1978@seu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张天翔男,1997年生,博士研究生,研究方向永磁电机设计、优化、分析。E-mail: zhangtianxiang@seu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张天翔, 张志恒, 花为, 王培欣, 吴中泽. 低齿槽转矩函数型转子磁通切换电机机理与性能分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(4): 1114-1126. Zhang Tianxiang, Zhang Zhiheng, Hua Wei, Wang Peixin, Wu Zhongze. Mechanism and Performances Analysis of Functional-Rotor Flux-Switching Machines with Low Cogging Torque. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(4): 1114-1126.

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