电驱系统轴承电蚀抑制措施研究综述

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241632

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随着电驱系统电压水平和开关频率的不断提高, 轴承电流导致轴承电蚀损伤进而引起驱动电机故障的问题愈发严峻, 成为限制电机寿命的主要原因, 因此轴承电蚀抑制措施的研究成为当前和未来电驱系统的关键瓶颈之一。该文在轴承电流击穿传导机制和轴承电蚀介电损伤机制的基础上, 从硬件、软件和混合措施三个方面对目前学者们提出的电蚀抑制措施进行了全面总结。根据硬件加装改造位置和软件原理实现方式的不同, 总结归纳了四类硬件措施、四类软件措施及三类混合措施, 同时对各个措施的抑制原理、作用位置、抑制效果和主要特征进行了详细的对比分析。最后对轴承电蚀抑制措施研究中的关键技术缺陷和未来发展方向进行了总结和展望。

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	肖宗鑫
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关键词 ：电机驱动系统, 轴承电流, 轴承电蚀, 电蚀抑制措施

Abstract：

In recent years, the recurring issue of bearing electrical erosion in drive motors has deteriorated the coordination between bearing balls and raceways, exacerbating motor vibration and noise, reducing bearing lifespan, and causing early failure. Extensive research has been conducted on bearing electrical erosion, with widely accepted scientific explanations for the dielectric damage mechanism, the breakdown conduction mechanism of bearing currents, and the proposal of numerous suppression measures for bearing electrical erosion. However, comprehensive and systematic summaries remain lacking, limiting their applicability and value in engineering practice.
Based on the breakdown conduction mechanism of bearing currents and the dielectric damage mechanism of bearing electrical erosion, this paper reviews the suppression measures from three perspectives: hardware, software, and hybrid. A detailed comparative analysis of each measure's suppression principles, location of action, suppression effects, and key characteristics is presented. According to the different places of hardware modifications, the hardware suppression measures are categorized into four types: “motor structure”, “bearing”, “inverter”, and “between inverter and motor”. Although these hardware measures, which involve modifications to the electric drive system, can suppress bearing electrical erosion to some extent, the increased manufacturing and maintenance costs and the added complexity of the system severely limit their practical application. As a result, software-based suppression measures aimed at reducing the common-mode voltage at the source have garnered widespread attention due to their cost-effectiveness, flexibility, and lack of additional hardware modifications. According to the different implementation methods, this paper classifies the software suppression measures into four categories: carrier-based pulse-width modulation (PWM), space vector PWM modulation, discontinuous PWM, and control strategies like model predictive control. These software measures can significantly reduce the bearing current and mitigate electrical erosion. However, adverse impacts on the motor's operational performance, such as output quality and operational efficiency, are inevitable. According to the different ways of mixing, this paper classifies the hybrid measures into three categories: hybrid hardware configuration, hybrid modulation software, and hardware and software combination. However, the suppression effect of the existing hybrid suppression measures is still limited and has a significant negative impact.
Bearing electrical erosion remains a critical bottleneck in electric drive systems. Therefore, future research will focus on maintaining or improving DC voltage utilization, output voltage/current quality, and operational efficiency; suppressing bearing currents and electrical erosion; and selecting or designing appropriate suppression measures based on the motor's operating environment and types of bearing currents.

Key words： Electrical drive systems bearing currents bearing electrical-erosion electrical-erosion suppression measures

收稿日期: 2024-09-14

PACS:

TM341

基金资助:

重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点资助项目（CSTB2022TIAD- KPX0050）

通讯作者: 胡明辉男, 1975年出生, 博士, 教授, 博士研究生导师, 主要研究方向为车辆动力传动及控制、混合动力传动系统、电动汽车动力传动系统。E-mail: hu_ming@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 肖宗鑫女, 1998年出生, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为新能源汽车与智能网联汽车、电动汽车动力传动系统。E-mail: xxiaozongxin@163.com

引用本文:

肖宗鑫, 胡明辉, 周强, 杜长虹. 电驱系统轴承电蚀抑制措施研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(20): 6552-6576. Xiao Zongxin, Hu Minghui, Zhou Qiang, Du Changhong. A Review of Research on Bearing Electrical-Erosion Suppression Measures in Electric Drive Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(20): 6552-6576.

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