基于变工况碳流模型的综合能源园区源-荷双侧协同优化研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251139

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (887 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要综合能源园区的优化调度对提升能源利用率和实现低碳化运行具有重要意义。然而,传统优化研究对能源转换设备效率模型的线性化假设,难以准确反映设备实际变工况运行特性;此外,在用能碳排放计量方面,碳排放流理论的提出为负荷侧碳责任追溯提供了方法论基础,但鲜有研究考虑设备变工况特性对系统碳流计算的动态影响。为此,本文提出一种基于设备变工况碳流模型的系统源-荷双侧协同优化方法。首先,建立考虑负载率和温度影响的能源转换设备变工况碳流模型,精确表征设备变工况运行情况下系统碳排放动态特性;其次,提出融合能源生产价格和碳价格的能碳耦合动态定价策略,进而构建系统源-荷双侧协同优化调度模型,通过线性化处理将模型转换为混合整数线性规划问题,采用Gurobi求解器实现高效求解。最后,通过算例分析,验证了所提方法在提升系统运行经济性和环境友好性方面的优势。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	赵黎媛
	李辉
	张献
	闵春华
	陈海文

关键词 ：综合能源园区, 变工况碳流模型, 能碳耦合定价, 源-荷协同, 优化调度

Abstract：The efficient and low-carbon operation of park-level integrated energy systems is crucial for supporting energy transition and carbon reduction objectives. Traditional scheduling methods often rely on simplified constant-efficiency models for energy conversion equipment, which fail to capture their actual performance under varying loads and ambient conditions. Furthermore, although carbon emission flow theory provides a viable approach for allocating carbon responsibility on the load side, the dynamic coupling between equipment off-design characteristics and system-level carbon flow remains insufficiently studied. This paper proposed a novel source-load collaborative optimization framework based on an off-design carbon flow model.
First, we developed detailed off-design efficiency models for key energy conversion devices. The efficiency of the absorption chiller was represented as a fifth-order polynomial function of its load rate, while the electric chiller and heat pump were modeled with efficiency curves that depend on ambient temperature. The combined heat and power unit adapted to different system conditions by adjusting its thermoelectric ratio. To balance modeling accuracy with computational efficiency, nonlinear efficiency relationships were piecewise linearized using Special Ordered Sets of type 2, transforming the overall problem into a mixed-integer linear programming model. Based on the carbon flow conservation principle, a variable-condition carbon flow model was established, incorporating equipment operational characteristics. The model also integrated energy storage cycles to track dynamic carbon footprints and achieved precise allocation of load-side carbon responsibilities.
A dynamic carbon-energy-coupled pricing strategy was introduced to enhance source-load coordination. The pricing mechanism comprises two components: energy production cost and carbon emission cost. The former reflects operational and maintenance expenses under different scheduling strategies, while the latter internalizes emission costs based on the marginal carbon flow density of consumed energy. A bi-level optimization model was constructed for source-load interaction. The upper level minimizes the total cost of the system operator, and the lower level minimizes users’ energy purchase and comfort costs. Considering the cost of energy comfort can avoid significant deviations in energy consumption behavior caused by excessive demand response from users. The model was linearized and solved using the Gurobi solver. Additionally, an energy-carbon security domain is defined to ensure operational feasibility under carbon and energy constraints.
Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the economy and environmental friendliness of the system is verified by a case study. Under two time-of-use electricity price schemes, the approach achieves total cost reductions of 18.7% and 19.6%, respectively, compared to conventional constant-efficiency models without demand response. The off-design modeling optimizes energy use according to ambient conditions and load requirements, fully leveraging the complementary advantages of multi-energy integration. The incentive-based demand response model shows good adaptability across varying load conditions, effectively enhancing the low-carbon operation and economic efficiency of the system. This study provides a practical decision-making tool for achieving low-carbon, economical, and secure operation in integrated energy parks.

Key words： Park-level integrated energy system off-design carbon flow model energy-carbon integrated prices source-load synergy optimal scheduling

收稿日期: 2025-04-17

PACS:	TM73
	TK01

基金资助:河北省自然科学基金项目（E2025202270,F2024202005）、河北省教育厅科学研究项目（BJK2024151）、天津市自然科学基金项目（23JCQNJC01060）、国家自然科学基金面上项目（52477005）、河北省燕赵青年科学家项目（E2024202109）和河北省省级科技计划（21567605H）资助

通讯作者: 张献男,1983年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电动汽车、无线电能传输技术等。E-mail：zhangxian@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵黎媛女,1992年生,博士,讲师,研究方向为综合能源系统优化运行。E-mail：yuanerzhao@hebut.edu.cn

引用本文:

赵黎媛, 李辉, 张献, 闵春华, 陈海文. 基于变工况碳流模型的综合能源园区源-荷双侧协同优化研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 251139-. Zhao Liyuan, Li Hui, Zhang Xian, Min Chunhua, Chen Haiwen. Source-Load Bilateral Coordination Optimization of Park-Level Integrated Energy System Based on Off-Design Carbon Flow Model. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 251139-.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251139 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/251139

[1] 李宏仲, 滕佳伦. 基于全纯嵌入的电热综合能源系统动态能流计算方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(4): 1254-1267.
Li Hongzhong, Teng Jialun.Dynamic energy flow calculation method of integrated heat and electricity systems based on holomorphic embedding[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(4): 1254-1267.
[2] 张薇, 王浚宇, 杨茂, 等. 基于分布式双层强化学习的区域综合能源系统多时间尺度优化调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(11): 3529-3544.
Zhang Wei, Wang Junyu, Yang Mao, et al.The multi-time-scale optimal scheduling for regional integrated energy system based on the distributed bi-layer reinforcement learning[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(11): 3529-3544.
[3] Wang Liying, Lin Jialin, Dong Houqi, et al.Demand response comprehensive incentive mechanism-based multi-time scale optimization scheduling for park integrated energy system[J]. Energy, 2023, 270: 126893.
[4] 董雷, 李扬, 陈盛, 等. 考虑多重不确定性与电碳耦合交易的多微网合作博弈优化调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(9): 2635-2651.
Dong Lei, Li Yang, Chen Sheng, et al.Multi-microgrid cooperative game optimization scheduling considering multiple uncertainties and coupled electricity-carbon transactions[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(9): 2635-2651.
[5] Wang Yunqi, Qiu Jing, Tao Yuechuan.Optimal power scheduling using data-driven carbon emission flow modelling for carbon intensity control[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2022, 37(4): 2894-2905.
[6] Cheng Yaohua, Zhang Ning, Wang Yi, et al.Modeling carbon emission flow in multiple energy systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2018, 10(4): 3562-3574.
[7] 张笑演, 王橹裕, 黄蕾, 等. 考虑扩展碳排放流和碳交易议价模型的园区综合能源优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(9): 34-46.
Zhang Xiaoyan, Wang Luyu, Huang Lei, et al.Optimal dispatching of park-level integrated energy system considering augmented carbon emission flow and carbon trading bargain model[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(9): 34-46.
[8] 张玉敏, 孙鹏凯, 孟祥剑, 等. 基于碳势-能源价格双响应的综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(9): 21-33.
Zhang Yumin, Sun Pengkai, Meng Xiangjian, et al.Low-carbon economic dispatching of integrated energy system based on dual response of carbon intensity and energy price[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(9): 21-33.
[9] Zheng J H, Huang Jun, Deng Shan, et al.Comparison and error analysis of off-design and design models of energy hubs[J]. CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2019, 5(4): 454-465.
[10] 李云鸷, 刘吉臻, 马素玲, 等. 基于变工况模型的综合能源系统源-荷互动多目标优化调度[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(7): 2472-2485.
Li Yunzhi, Liu Jizhen, Ma Suling, et al.Source-load interactive multi-objective optimal dispatching of integrated energy system based on off-design model[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(7): 2472-2485.
[11] 李鹏, 王加浩, 黎灿兵, 等. 计及源荷不确定性与设备变工况特性的园区综合能源系统协同优化运行方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(20): 7802-7812.
Li Peng, Wang Jiahao, Li Canbing, et al.Collaborative optimal scheduling of the community integrated energy system considering source-load uncertainty and equipment off-design performance[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(20): 7802-7812.
[12] 杨欢红, 赵峰, 黄文焘, 等. 考虑设备变工况特性的园区综合能源系统双层优化[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2024, 52(17): 115-127.
Yang Huanhong, Zhao Feng, Huang Wentao, et al.Two-level optimization for a community integrated energy system considering the off-design condition of equipment[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2024, 52(17): 115-127.
[13] 王强钢, 吴雪翚, 杨龙杰, 等. 考虑设备变工况特性和灵活性供需匹配的园区综合能源系统优化配置模型[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43(3): 20-28, 37.
Wang Qianggang, Wu Xuehui, Yang Longjie, et al.Optimal allocation model of community integrated energy system considering off-design performance of device and flexible supply-demand matching[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(3): 20-28, 37.
[14] 陈晚晴, 穆云飞, 贾宏杰, 等. 考虑设备变工况特性的区域综合能源系统优化调度方法[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(3): 951-958.
Chen Wanqing, Mu Yunfei, Jia Hongjie, et al.Operation optimization method for regional integrated energy system considering part-load performances of devices[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(3): 951-958.
[15] 张磊, 吴红斌, 何叶, 等. 基于深度强化学习的氢能综合能源系统优化调度方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(16): 132-141.
Zhang Lei, Wu Hongbin, He Ye, et al.Optimal scheduling method for integrated energy systems with hydrogen based on deep reinforcement learning[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(16): 132-141.
[16] 李云松, 张智晟. 考虑综合需求响应的Transformer-图神经网络综合能源系统多元负荷短期预测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 6119-6128.
Li Yunsong, Zhang Zhisheng.Transformer based multi load short-term forecasting of integrated energy system considering integrated demand response[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 6119-6128.
[17] 袁坤龙, 张少康, 常冉, 等. 阶梯式碳交易机制下计及电-气-热综合能源系统需求响应优化运行[J]. 电气技术, 2024, 25(1): 8-16.
Yuan Kunlong, Zhang Shaokang, Chang Ran, et al.Optimal operation of demand response of electricity-gas-heat integrated energy system under the stepped carbon trading mechanism[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2024, 25(1): 8-16.
[18] 刘可真, 李林耘, 林铮, 等. 考虑碳排放流的电-气互联系统源荷互动低碳经济调度[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2024, 44(5): 1-10.
Liu Kezhen, Li Linyun, Lin Zheng, et al.Low-carbon economic dispatching of source-load interaction for electricity-gas system considering carbon emission flow[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2024, 44(5): 1-10.
[19] 刘哲远, 邢海军, 程浩忠, 等. 考虑碳排放流及需求响应的综合能源系统双层优化调度[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(1): 169-178.
Liu Zheyuan, Xing Haijun, Cheng Haozhong, et al.Bi-level optimal scheduling of integrated energy system considering carbon emission flow and demand response[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(1): 169-178.
[20] Cheng Yaohua, Zhang Ning, Zhang Baosen, et al.Low-carbon operation of multiple energy systems based on energy-carbon integrated prices[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2020, 11(2): 1307-1318.
[21] 梁宁, 方茜, 徐慧慧, 等. 基于节点碳势需求响应的电力系统双层优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(9): 44-53.
Liang Ning, Fang Qian, Xu Huihui, et al.Bi-level optimal dispatching of power system based on demand response considering nodal carbon intensity[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(9): 44-53.
[22] Huang Wujing, Zhang Ning, Wang Yi, et al.Matrix modeling of energy hub with variable energy efficiencies[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2020, 119: 105876.
[23] Fu Yu, Lin Haiyang, Feng Biao, et al.Off-design characteristics of energy conversion equipment in integrated energy systems[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 407: 136941.
[24] Ilea F M, Cormos A M, Cristea V M, et al.Enhancing the post-combustion carbon dioxide carbon capture plant performance by setpoints optimization of the decentralized multi-loop and cascade control system[J]. Energy, 2023, 275: 127490.
[25] 杨挺, 党兆帅, 王旭东, 等. 混合交易模式下电力系统全环节碳排放核算方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(1): 38-52.
Yang Ting, Dang Zhaoshuai, Wang Xudong, et al.Carbon emission accounting method for the entire electricity system in the mixed trading model[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(1): 38-52.
[26] 马广超, 颜宁, 王明强, 等. 基于“碳-能” 协同响应的综合能源系统季节性低碳经济优化调度方法[J]. 电网技术, 2025, 49(3): 955-965.
Ma Guangchao, Yan Ning, Wang Mingqiang, et al.Seasonal low-carbon and economic optimal scheduling method of integrated energy system based on “carbon-energy” collaborative response[J]. Power System Technology, 2025, 49(3): 955-965.
[27] Ma Siyuan, Mi Yang, Shi Shuai, et al.Low-carbon economic operation of energy hub integrated with linearization model and nodal energy-carbon price[J]. Energy, 2024, 294: 130754.
[28] 曹逸滔, 王丹, 贾宏杰, 等. 考虑多能碳流约束的区域综合能源系统双层博弈扩展规划[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(7): 12-22.
Cao Yitao, Wang Dan, Jia Hongjie, et al.Bilevel Nash-Stackelberg game expansion planning of regional integrated energy system considering multi-energy carbon flow constraints[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2023, 47(7): 12-22.
[29] 向恩民, 高红均, 刘畅, 等. 基于供需双侧博弈互动的园区多能运营商能源交易优化决策[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(8): 2744-2757.
Xiang Enmin, Gao Hongjun, Liu Chang, et al.Optimal decision of energy trading for community multi-energy operator based on game interaction with supply and demand sides[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(8): 2744-2757.
[30] 刘浩, 王丹, 肖峻, 等. 考虑碳流约束的电力系统能碳安全域模型与计算方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(3): 10-21.
Liu Hao, Wang Dan, Xiao Jun, et al.Model and calculation method of energy-carbon security region for power system considering carbon flow constraints[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(3): 10-21.
[31] 刘晓军, 熊健, 王艺博, 等. 考虑不确定变量变分模态分解及绿证-碳联合交易的综合能源系统经济优化调度[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(13): 4276-4291.
Liu Xiaojun, Xiong Jian, Wang Yibo, et al.Economic optimization of integrated energy system scheduling considering uncertainty variables variational mode decomposition and green certificate-carbon joint trading[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(13): 4276-4291.
[32] 杨毅, 易文飞, 王晨清, 等. 基于碳排放流理论的园区综合能源系统低碳经济调度[J]. 电力建设, 2022, 43(11): 33-41.
Yang Yi, Yi Wenfei, Wang Chenqing, et al.Low-carbon economic dispatching of park integrated energy system applying carbon emission flow theory[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2022, 43(11): 33-41.