面向抑制频率波动的新型电力系统调频能力需求评估

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250411

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摘要

传统火电调频无法快速跟踪响应新能源出力频繁变化导致的频率波动,从而造成频率越死区现象频发,一次调频设备需要频繁启动,系统的一次调频能力面临严峻挑战。为此,提出一种面向抑制频率波动的新型电力系统调频能力需求评估方法。首先,对比了新型电力系统相较于传统系统在频率越限事件中的差异性特征,构建了覆盖“功率-能量-时间-速度”的多维度调频能力需求指标体系。其次,基于实测的日频率波动曲线,提取了越限频率的“幅值-能积-时间-频次”等多维特征。然后,计及不同调节特性,建立了频率波动指标与调频能力需求之间的数学模型,实现了仅由频率的波动曲线定量评估出系统的日调频能力需求。最后,基于频率的实测数据及波形,量化了系统现有调频能力的缺口,提取了不同时间尺度与调频能力需求之间的关系,揭示了不同调节特性对调频能力需求的影响,为调频资源配置提供指导。

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关键词 ：新型电力系统, 频率波动特性, 调频能力, 需求评估, 实测数据

Abstract：

Traditional thermal power frequency regulation is unable to quickly track the frequency fluctuations caused by the frequent output variations of renewable energy sources, resulting in the phenomenon of crossing deadband has occurred frequently, necessitating frequent activation of primary frequency regulation equipment. Consequently, the primary frequency regulation capability faces significant challenges. Therefore, a frequency fluctuation suppression-oriented evaluation method for frequency regulation capability requirements for new-type power systems was proposed.
Firstly, a comparative analysis was conducted on the distinctive characteristics of frequency over-limit events in new-type power systems versus traditional systems, through which a multidimensional evaluation index system encompassing "power-energy-time-speed" dimensions was established for assessing frequency regulation capability requirements in new-type power systems. Secondly, based on measured daily frequency fluctuation curves, multidimensional features including "amplitude-energy integral-duration-occurrence frequency" of over-limit frequency were extracted. Subsequently, a mathematical model was developed to correlate frequency fluctuation indicators with frequency regulation requirements. This methodology enables quantitative assessment of daily system frequency regulation requirements solely through frequency fluctuation curve analysis. Finally, based on measured frequency data and waveforms, the existing gap in the system's frequency regulation capability was quantified. The relationship between different time scales and frequency regulation capability requirements was established, and the influence of different regulation characteristics on the requirements for frequency regulation capability was revealed, which provides guidance for the allocation of frequency regulation resources.
The proposed method was analyzed and validated in practical power systems, where multidimensional characteristics of overlimit frequency were extracted from the frequency waveforms, including amplitude, energy integral, duration, and occurrence frequency, comprehensively depicting the fluctuation characteristics of overlimit frequency. Analysis of measured frequency data and waveforms revealed severe frequency over-limit issues, characterized by large amplitude, high energy integral, prolonged duration, and frequent occurrences, with the proportion of over-limit frequency reaching up to 67% in extreme cases. Additionally, an inverse relationship between time scale and frequency fluctuation dispersion was revealed: under long time scales, trend-based fluctuations lead to severe and concentrated frequency fluctuations; under short time scales, random fluctuations result in smaller but more dispersed frequency fluctuations.Through evaluating frequency regulation capability requirements across different time scales, the system was found to face requirements for high power, large energy capacity, and fast frequency regulation, with duration requirements extending from "minute-level" to "hour-level". Furthermore, the system's requirements for frequency regulation capability decreases as the time scale shortens, and considering bidirectional regulation characteristics, the energy requirements for frequency regulation is significantly lower than under unidirectional regulation. Frequency fluctuations were effectively suppressed and frequency over-limit occurrences were reduced by 75% to 80% through energy storage configured based on the evaluated frequency regulation capability requirements.
The following conclusions can be obtained through the analysis and verification: (1) The constructed multidimensional frequency fluctuation characteristic index system can comprehensively depict the fluctuation characteristics of over-limit frequency. (2) The proposed frequency regulation capability evaluation method based on frequency fluctuation index enables quantitative assessment of system frequency regulation requirements solely from over-limit frequency waveforms. (3) Configuring energy storage according to the evaluated frequency regulation capability requirements can effectively suppress frequency fluctuations and reduce frequency over-limit occurrences.

Key words： New-type power system frequency fluctuation characteristics frequency regulation capability requirement evaluation measured data

收稿日期: 2025-03-17

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金重点资助项目（52337004）

通讯作者: 周毅博男,1988年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力系统分析和运行控制。E-mail：zhouyiboaa@126.com

作者简介: 安军男,1978年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为含新能源电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：anhuianjun@163.com

引用本文:

安军, 李可心, 周毅博, 汤伟, 石岩. 面向抑制频率波动的新型电力系统调频能力需求评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20250411-20250411. An Jun, Li Kexin, Zhou Yibo, Tang Wei, Shi Yan. Frequency Fluctuation Suppression-Oriented Evaluation of Frequency Regulation Capability Requirements for New-Type Power Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20250411-20250411.

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