电工技术学报  2025, Vol. 40 Issue (3): 730-743    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240075
电力系统与综合能源 |
基于水-机-电联合模型的全功率变速抽蓄机组功率特性研究
栾一航1,2, 张远志1,2, 庄凯勋1,2, 丁理杰3,4, 孙建军1,2
1.综合能源电力装备与系统安全湖北省重点实验室(武汉大学) 武汉 430072;
2.武汉大学电气与自动化学院 武汉 430072;
3.国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 成都 610041;
4.电力物联网四川省重点实验室 成都 610041
Research on Power Characteristics of Full-Power Variable Speed Pumped Storage Units Based on Hydraulic-Mechanical-Electrical Modeling
Luan Yihang1,2, Zhang Yuanzhi1,2, Chuang Kaihsun1,2, Ding Lijie3,4, Sun Jianjun1,2
1. Hubei Key Laboratory of Power Equipment & System Security for Integrated Energy Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China;
2. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China;
3. State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research Institute Chengdu 610041 China;
4. Power Internet of Things Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041 China
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摘要 全功率变速抽蓄机组(Full-power VSPS)以其优异的综合性能及逐渐降低的成本成为未来电网中应对新能源随机性与波动性的重要设备,但理论研究及工程实践中均存在对机组出力调节过程中功率特性及振荡机理认识不清的问题。对此,该文基于子模块建模的方法,搭建考虑复杂引水系统的全功率变速抽蓄机组水-机-电联合仿真模型,并提出基于过渡过程中单位转速-单位转矩轨线的机组功率特性分析方法。在此基础上,绘制了采用两种基本控制策略的机组在抽水及发电工况下的典型轨迹,根据其变化趋势得到了机组关键物理量的演变规律及转速反调等潜在运行风险,并进一步给出了这些风险的主要影响因素及对应的抑制策略。最后,结合仿真验证了所提方法及结论的正确性。该文可为全功率变速抽蓄机组功率特性的分析与优化提供模型与分析方法的参考。
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栾一航
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关键词 全功率变速抽蓄机组水-机-电联合仿真转速优先控制功率优先控制功率特性    
Abstract:As the most mature and most economical energy storage technology at present, pumped storage has become an important means to ensure the safe and stable operation of new power systems. Among them, full-power variable speed pumped storage units (Full-power VSPS) are the most potential due to their excellent comprehensive performance and gradually reducing costs. However, the current research on Full-power VSPS is still in its infancy. The complex physical process of hydraulic-mechanical-electrical coupling within the unit and the unit's ability to respond to grid dispatching instructions under different control strategies is not yet fully understood.
In response to the above problems, this paper carries out relevant research on the modeling and power characteristics analysis of Full-power VSPS. First, this paper uses the sub-module modeling method to establish the transfer function model of the water diversion system with double surge tanks, the characteristic curve model of the pump turbine, and the simplified model of the generator motor and full-power converter, and finally obtains the unit hydraulic-mechanical-electrical joint simulation model.
Subsequently, this paper summarizes the two most basic control strategies for Full-power VSPS, namely speed priority control and power priority control. On the basis of the unit characteristic curve, the movement trajectory of the unit's working point under pumping and generating conditions is given when the above two control strategies are used, and the changing rules of the unit'sspeed, electromagnetic power and guide vane opening are qualitatively analyzed.
When the speed priority control strategy is adopted, the speed of the unit quickly reaches the new steady state, while the electromagnetic power changes rapidly at first and then slowly. In the period of rapid change, the power undershoot will occur under generating condition, which must be suppressed. A feasible suppression method is to input the mechanical power of the pump turbine instead of the power grid dispatching instruction into the speed optimizer. However, the power overshoot may occur under pumping condition, which can be prevented by setting a reasonable proportion coefficient of the MSC.
When the power priority control strategy is adopted, the electromagnetic power of the unit quickly reaches the new steady state. However, due to the different forms of speed feedback, there are great differences between the operation characteristics of the unit under pumping and generating condition. Under the generating condition, due to the potential positive feedback of the speed, the unit will have two inherent phenomena: the speed undershoot and the guide vane overshoot. Thespeed undershoot brings the risk of instability to the unit, and the restraining method is to set reasonable governor PI parameters.
While under pumping condition, due to the negative feedback of the speed, the risk of instability of the unit is low, but the speed will change rapidly at the initial stage of the transition process, and the speed overshoot may occur. In this paper, an approximate formula for calculating the speed at the trajectory inflection point is given, and it is pointed out that whether the rotational speed overshoot occurs or not depends mainly on the design parameters of the unit and has little relationship with the control parameters.
Finally, this paper points out that the main reason for the difference of unit oscillation modes under the two control strategies is the different transfer path of water hammer effect. Combined with the above analysis, the power characteristics and the potential operational risk of the units utilizing the two basic control strategies under pumping and generating conditions are summarized.
Key wordsFull-power variable speed pumped storage unit    hydraulic-mechanical-electric joint simulation    speed priority control    power priority control    power characteristic   
收稿日期: 2024-01-10     
PACS: TM312  
基金资助:国家电网公司总部科技项目资助(SGSCDK00XTJS2200250)
通讯作者: 张远志 男,1995年生,博士(后),研究方向为磁场调制电机设计、分析与优化等。E-mail:yz_zhang@whu.edu.cn   
作者简介: 栾一航 男,2001年生,博士研究生,研究方向为抽水蓄能机组建模及分析,磁场调制电机设计、分析与优化。E-mail:yh_luan@whu.edu.cn
引用本文:   
栾一航, 张远志, 庄凯勋, 丁理杰, 孙建军. 基于水-机-电联合模型的全功率变速抽蓄机组功率特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(3): 730-743. Luan Yihang, Zhang Yuanzhi, Chuang Kaihsun, Ding Lijie, Sun Jianjun. Research on Power Characteristics of Full-Power Variable Speed Pumped Storage Units Based on Hydraulic-Mechanical-Electrical Modeling. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(3): 730-743.
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