基于同调分群等值聚合的山地型光伏电站多变流器系统建模研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251107

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摘要

山地型光伏电站由于地形复杂、局部微气象特性多变导致并网逆变器运行特性差异显著,大幅增加了暂态稳定性分析的复杂度。现有单机等值模型忽略变流器特性差异、多机等值模型省略控制环节,均难以精准刻画系统的整体运行特性。为此,该文提出一种计及同调分群与控制环聚合的山地型光伏电站的多变流器系统等值建模方法。首先,依据锁相环电压矢量控制机理,建立以变流器输出端q轴电压分量偏差为判据的同调性判别准则,通过量化变流器暂态响应差异实现同调分群,依据山地型光伏电站动态差异将其划分为单机或多机集群;其次,利用状态变量聚合等效变换法,推导了并网换流器的等效电气参数、内/外环控制参数及锁相环参数,从而形成各同调群的等值单机模型;然后,整合山地型光伏电站的交流集电网络与前述等值单机模型,构建完整的多变流器同调分群等值系统;最后,将该文所提方法应用在含9个并网变流器系统的山地型光伏电站等值推导过程中,结果表明,该等值建模方法能准确表征系统动态行为,有效反映控制环响应对暂态性能的影响。

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关键词 ：多变流器系统, 同调分群, 双闭环控制, 动态等值

Abstract：

With the photovoltaic (PV) industry expanding into mountainous areas, power stations now face rugged terrain and frequent cloud cover. These converters increase operational differences among multi-converter units. Transient stability analysis becomes more complex as a result. Developing detailed full-order models typically leads to increased computational demands, higher storage requirements, and greater analytical complexity due to the high-dimensional state variables and intricate control interactions. However, after differentiated coherency partitioning of the system, the established equivalent model can significantly reduce the complexity of system stability analysis while maintaining the accuracy of the original system model description. In recent years, several system equivalence modeling methods have been proposed. However, most fail to effectively integrate the impacts of system coherency partition and the dynamic parameters of control loops, limiting their ability to accurately capture the system's dynamic behavior. To overcome these shortcomings, the coherent partition equivalent aggregation (CPEA) method is proposed which combines coherent partition and control loop aggregation.
This method constructs simplified yet precise equivalent models of multi-converter systems in mountain PV power stations by partitioning based on their dynamic characteristics and aggregating their state variables. Firstly, a coherency discrimination criterion is established based on the voltage vector control mechanism of the phase-locked loop (PLL), using the deviation in the q-axis voltage component at the converter output as the criterion. The partition of converters within the same bus and between different bus is carried out in turn: all converters within the same bus that satisfy the coherence criterion are partitioned together, while those that don't are split into subgroups, which may belong to the original bus cluster or form independent clusters. The single coherence partition formed in the bus continues to participate in the inter-busbar partitioning. If multiple groups exist within a bus, cross-bus partitioning is prohibited. This results in the system being represented as either an equivalent single-machine or a multi-machine model. Next, through state variable equivalent transformation techniques, the equivalent electrical parameters of grid-connected converters, as well as the parameters of their inner and outer control loops and PLL, are derived to form the equivalent single-machine models for each coherence partition. Finally, a system of the equivalent multi-machine model is constructed according to the partitioning results.
The method was validated using the Simulink and the RT-LAB real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The simulation results show that the partitioning and aggregated equivalent results are consistent with the theoretical analysis in the case of single-phase ground fault and three-phase short-circuit fault, which effectively confirms the accuracy of the coherence criterion and the ability of the equivalent model to accurately replicate the dynamic characteristics of the original system.
For the equivalent modeling of multi-converter systems in mountain PV power stations, this paper proposes a dynamic mechanism-based CPEA method. Through theoretical analysis, numerical computation, and simulation validation, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) Owing to complex terrain and varying local micro-meteorological conditions, the operational characteristics of grid-connected converters in mountain PV power stations exhibit significant heterogeneity. Moreover, the spatial distribution of converters influences the equivalent line impedance and the dynamic change of synchronous angular. Hence, an appropriate partitioning is essential for accurate equivalent modeling. Using the deviation of the q-axis voltage component at the converter output as the partitioning criterion enables partitioning based on large-disturbance instability mechanisms. This approach also considerably reduces computational complexity. (2) The state variable equivalence transformation approach is employed for parameter aggregation, enabling the construction of a multi-machine equivalent model for the AC system. This equivalent model achieves effective system dimensionality reduction while preserving dynamic behaviors, including control loop responses and PLL synchronization characteristics.

Key words： Multi-converter systems coherent partition double closed-loop control dynamic equivalence

收稿日期: 2025-06-24

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（52367019,62461008）、贵州省科技支撑计划（一般项目）（黔科合支撑[2024]一般049）、贵州省科技厅基础研究计划（自然科学）面上项目（黔科合基础 MS(2025)598）资助

通讯作者: 郑华俊男,1987年生,讲师,研究生导师,研究方向为电力电子建模与控制等。E-mail：hjzheng@gzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陈可欣女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为并网变换器集群等值降阶模型及大信号稳定性等。E-mail：543184635@qq.com

引用本文:

陈可欣, 郑华俊, 袁旭峰, 张超, 徐玉韬. 基于同调分群等值聚合的山地型光伏电站多变流器系统建模研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(14): 4888-4901. Chen Kexin, Zheng Huajun, Yuan Xufeng, Zhang Chao, Xu Yutao. Modeling of Multi-Converter Systems in Mountain Photovoltaic Power Stations Based on Coherency Partition Equivalent Aggregation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(14): 4888-4901.

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