Abstract：The power grid is a vital lifeline infrastructure in cities, and the operation of the water supply network is highly dependent on the power grid. Therefore, evaluating the fault propagation effect of electric-water and assessing the vulnerability of the power grid under extreme scenarios is essential to quickly identify weak points in the power grid. In actual urban environments, the coupling relationship between electricity and water supply presents a layered coupling characteristic based on different voltage levels in different regions. High-voltage distribution substations supply power to pump stations, and medium-voltage distribution transformers supply power to high-rise building water pumps. However, existing electric-water coupling models usually only model part of them, which is insufficient to analyze the impact of urban high-voltage distribution network faults on user-side water supply. To solve this issue, this paper proposes a method for modeling the electric-water coupling relationship in cities and establishes an electric-water three-layer coupling impact analysis model to evaluate the vulnerability of urban power grids that consider water supply service losses. Firstly, the city's power grid and water supply network are modeled based on graph theory. Secondly, considering two different voltage levels of electric-water coupling relationships: high-voltage distribution substations-pump stations and medium-voltage distribution transformers-high-rise water pumps, and considering multiple coupling modes such as one-to-one, partial multi-to-one, and partial one-to-many between electricity and water supply systems. The specific topology structure of the distribution network layer is simplified to establish a city electric-water cross-layer coupling network model. Then, considering the emergency dispatch strategy of cutting load under intentional attack scenarios in the power grid, analyzing the status of each power line and node, quantifying and evaluating the impact of high-voltage distribution network faults on user-side water supply based on the three-layer fault propagation effect of urban electric-water. Finally, taking a city-level power grid and water supply network as an example, the vulnerability of the urban power grid considering water supply service losses is evaluated, and the impact of varying electricity load and water demand over time on the vulnerability is analyzed. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation results analysis: (1) When considering water supply services, urban power grid nodes' vulnerability is affected by both the amount of load loss in the power grid and the amount of water loss in the water supply network. The amount of load loss in the power grid is mainly related to that node's topological position, importance level, and load size; The amount of water loss in the water supply network is specifically related to factors such as that node's coupling relationship with the main pump station of the water supply network, that pump station's service range and scale, and the number of high-rise buildings that require secondary pressurization within its power supply range and their water consumption. (2) In urban water supply systems, pumping stations, due to their large scale and wide service range, have a greater loss of water due to their failure compared to high-rise buildings. Therefore, electric nodes with one-to-one coupling with pump stations are more vulnerable, which increases with increasing pump station scale and service range. (3) Due to different land use characteristics, behavioral characteristics of electricity use and water use change to varying degrees with changes in time sequence. During peak demand periods, combinations of nodes become more vulnerable.
严奕陆, 刘文霞, 石庆鑫, 刘耕铭, 李承泽. 基于电-水跨层耦合模型的城市电网脆弱性评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(16): 5075-5090.
Yan Yilu, Liu Wenxia, Shi Qingxin, Liu Gengming, Li Chengze. Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Power Grid Based on Electricity-Water Cross-Layer Coupling Model. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(16): 5075-5090.
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2024, Vol. 39 
