柔性直流输电系统的中频稳定性分析及其幅相统一调控方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251785

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摘要

基于模块化多电平换流器的柔性直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC) 在中频段易因控制延时与电流环的作用耦合而呈负阻尼特性,从而与风电等新能源场存在交互失稳风险。现有振荡抑制方法多集中于阻抗幅频或相频特性的单维优化,且参数整定方案不够明晰,难以兼顾抑制效果与工程适用性。为此,本文首先建立了直驱风电场经柔直送出系统的阻抗模型,后由阻抗灵敏度分析指出：送端MMC的电流环与控制延时是诱发中频负阻尼的主要因素。在此基础上,提出一种具备幅相统一调控能力的阻抗重塑策略,即在MMC电流环中引入幅相统一控制器,基于包含双调控因子的等效阻抗调控函数实现幅相协同调节：相位调控因子通过超前校正补偿风险频段的相位滞后,从源头削弱负阻尼;幅值调控因子定向移动阻抗幅值曲线交点,使其远离原负阻尼区段,进一步提升系统稳定裕度。两者协同实现中频阻抗的定向重塑,并形成可量化的阻抗参数设计方法。最后,基于RT-LAB硬件在环实验平台,验证了理论分析的正确性及所提出幅相统一调控方法的有效性。

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关键词 ：模块化多电平换流器, 中频振荡机理, 阻抗幅相统一调控, 振荡抑制

Abstract：

Modular Multilevel Converter-High Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems have been widely applied in large-scale wind power integration and renewable energy transmission. However, due to the multi-time-scale characteristics inherent in the control architecture, the coupling between the current control loop and digital control delay may cause the MMC to exhibit negative-damping behavior in the medium-frequency range (hundreds of hertz). Under such conditions, the impedance interaction between the MMC and the wind-farm-side system may weaken the stability margin and give rise to a potential medium-frequency oscillation risk. Existing oscillation mitigation strategies mainly focus on single-dimensional optimization of either the impedance magnitude or phase characteristics. Moreover, parameter tuning in these methods often relies on empirical adjustment, lacks explicit design criteria, and is difficult to apply consistently in engineering practice while ensuring suppression performance. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a systematic analysis of medium-frequency instability from an impedance-mechanism perspective and to develop impedance-reshaping methods with clear regulation objectives and quantitative parameter-setting procedures.
In this study, a wind-power-integrated MMC-HVDC transmission system is considered as the research object. First, impedance models of the sending-end MMC and the grid-side converter of a direct-drive wind turbine are established based on a multi-harmonic linearization approach, and the model accuracy is validated through frequency-sweep analysis. On this basis, a simplified MMC impedance model suitable for medium-frequency studies is constructed. An impedance-sensitivity index is further introduced to quantitatively evaluate the influence of different parameters on the medium-frequency impedance characteristics. The analysis indicates that the current control loop and digital control delay of the sending-end MMC are the dominant factors leading to the formation of negative damping in the medium-frequency band. The combined influence of these two factors causes the MMC impedance to exhibit inductive negative-damping characteristics within several hundred hertz, which leads to a potential risk of medium-frequency oscillation during interaction with the wind-farm-side system.
Building upon the above mechanism analysis, an impedance-reshaping strategy with coordinated amplitude-phase regulation capability is proposed. In this strategy, an amplitude-phase coordinated controller is integrated into the MMC current control loop, and an equivalent impedance-regulation function is constructed containing both amplitude-tuning and phase-tuning factors. This function enables coordinated regulation of the impedance magnitude and phase characteristics within the risk-sensitive frequency range. The phase-tuning factor introduces a lead-compensation effect to offset the phase lag induced by control delay, thereby weakening the conditions associated with negative-damping formation. Meanwhile, the amplitude-tuning factor shifts the intersection point of the impedance-magnitude curves away from the original negative-damping region, which contributes to improving the system stability margin. The coordinated action of the two tuning factors enables directional reshaping of the medium-frequency impedance characteristics, and a quantitative parameter-design method corresponding to the proposed strategy is established.
Finally, experimental studies are conducted on an RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The experiments include reproduction of oscillatory operating conditions, validation of key factors associated with medium-frequency oscillation, and evaluation of the amplitude-phase coordinated controller under multiple operating scenarios. The experimental results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and further demonstrate that the proposed strategy realizes coordinated amplitude-phase regulation within the target frequency band while maintaining effective and robust suppression performance across different operating conditions.

Key words： Modular multilevel converter medium-frequency oscillation mechanism unified regulation of impedance amplitude and phase oscillation suppression

收稿日期: 2025-10-16

PACS:

TM91

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（52277186）和江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX23_0375）资助

通讯作者: 陈新男,1973年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为分布式发电和微电网系统的建模、控制与稳定性等。E-mail：chen.xin@nuaa.edu.cn

作者简介: 卢佳琦女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源柔直送出系统建模、控制及稳定性分析等。E-mail：lujiaqi0826@163.com

引用本文:

卢佳琦, 陈新, 滕志远, 张东辉. 柔性直流输电系统的中频稳定性分析及其幅相统一调控方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 14-. Lu Jiaqi, Chen Xin, Teng Zhiyuan, Zhang Donghui. Medium-Frequency Stability Analysis and Unified Magnitude-Phase Regulation Method For MMC-HVDC Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 14-.

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