Current Zero-Crossing Prediction for Phase-Controlled Interruption of Parallel Multi-Break Vacuum Circuit Breakers with Integrated RDLS and Adam Alternate Optimization
Yu Jianghua1,2, Tao Jun1, Zhu Qianlong1, Deng Tianbai1, Yu Hao2
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui University Hefei 230601 China; 2. Anhui Hekai Electric Technology Co. Ltd Hefei 231131 China
Abstract：Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a greenhouse gas and will be gradually phased out. In addition, the maximum short-circuit breaking current of a single interrupter chamber is only 80 kA, making it difficult to meet the requirements of pumped-storage generator motors rated at 200 MW or higher. By leveraging the positive- resistance voltage-ampere characteristic of vacuum arcs to connect multiple vacuum interrupter chambers in parallel, the development of environment-friendly, maintenance-free, and high-capacity multi-break parallel vacuum circuit breakers has become an important research direction. In a vacuum circuit breaker, once the interruption occurs after the minimum arcing time point prior to the current zero crossing, the arc of the interrupter may not extinguish. Given the non-simultaneity of multiple parallel breaks, short-circuit current can be transferred to a smaller number of interrupters, thereby imposing arc-extinguishing pressure on the later-separating interrupters and even causing an unsuccessful interruption. The application of Point-on-Wave Switching technology can prevent the multi-break parallel vacuum circuit breaker from opening near current zero crossing, ensuring simultaneous arc extinction across multiple breaks. The short-circuit current of pumped-storage power stations exhibits a large DC component and a wide decay time constant. In general, the standard time constant system-source short-circuit current is 45 ms, with a proportion of DC component between 20% and 75%, and the standard time constant for generator-source short- circuit current is 150 ms, with a proportion of DC component between20% and 130%. In actual operation, the power system and generating unit parameters vary widely, leading to significant uncertainty in the short-circuit current parameters for both fault types. Coupled with the nonlinear behavior during the short-circuit process, this poses significant challenges for predicting current zero-crossings. This paper proposes a recursive alternating optimization algorithm that integrates the classical recursive damped least squares (RDLS) method and the deep learning-based adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm to optimize short-circuit current parameters in real time and predict the current zero-crossing point. The RDLS algorithm optimizes the linear parameter block, including the RMS value of the short-circuit current, the initial phase angle, and the DC component proportion. The Adam algorithm optimizes the nonlinear parameter block, the decay time constant of the DC component. First, the multi-break parallel phase-controlled switching strategy and the fault current model are established. Then, the convergence and convergence rate of the alternating optimization algorithm are analyzed theoretically. Finally, a simulation of 3 249 orthogonally covered calculation cases is conducted to examine the robustness and accuracy of this algorithm, including the effects on white noise, harmonics, and optimization duration. Simulation results demonstrate that, under 14 ms optimization duration and without white noise and harmonics, the current zero crossing point prediction deviation is less than 0.5 ms for all simulation cases. Incorporating 25 dB white noise and 10% 3rd and 5th harmonic contents, under 17 ms optimization duration, the deviations are less than 0.96 ms for all cases and less than 0.5 ms for 98.68% of the cases, respectively. Applying short-circuit currents of circuit breaker type test, the proposed algorithm is further verified. This paper provides theoretical and practical value for the research and engineering application of high-capacity multi-break parallel vacuum circuit breakers.
虞江华, 陶骏, 朱乾龙, 邓天白, 于浩. 融合RDLS和Adam交替优化的多断口并联真空断路器相控开断电流零点预测[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(14): 4947-4959.
Yu Jianghua, Tao Jun, Zhu Qianlong, Deng Tianbai, Yu Hao. Current Zero-Crossing Prediction for Phase-Controlled Interruption of Parallel Multi-Break Vacuum Circuit Breakers with Integrated RDLS and Adam Alternate Optimization. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(14): 4947-4959.
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