Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Quadrature Phase-Locked Loop
Wu Xiang1, Chen Shuo2, Li Jia1, Zhang Jiazhe1, Zhang Xiao1
1. School of Electrical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221008 China; 2. School of Electrical Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
Abstract：A Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with sensorless control can realize energy conversion with high reliability, high efficiency, and high power density at low cost, which has become a research focus in the current AC motor control field. For the sensorless control of the PMSM in the medium and high-speed region, the speed and rotor position information can be obtained through the quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) after the back EMF or flux linkage information is observed by using the fundamental frequency model method. QPLL includes three parts, i.e., phase detector (PD), loop filter (LF), and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The structure and parameters of each part directly affect the stability and dynamic performance of QPLL. To optimize the performance of QPLL, scholars have made corresponding improvements. However, most improved QPLLs usually only consider a single optimization objective. For the occasion where frequent acceleration and deceleration and forward and reverse rotation are required, it is necessary to overcome the problem that large estimation error of rotor position appears during acceleration and deceleration operation. In addition, a 180 degrees deviation between the observed rotor position and the actual rotor position under reverse rotation conditions needs to be solved. The reverse failure and significant DC offset error appear in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions when conventional quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) is applied to sensorless control of the PMSM. Therefore, the deterioration mechanism of the conventional QPLL under reverse rotation and acceleration/deceleration conditions is analyzed, and an improved quadrature phase-locked loop (IQPLL) is proposed. By reconstructing the phase detector, the output of the phase detector is independent of the rotation direction of the PMSM, thus solving the 180-degree deviation problem in estimating the rotor position when the motor reverses. In addition, under the new phase detector, a feedforward loop is designed to compensate for the DC offset error in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions. The small signal model of the new IQPLL is established, and the parameter design method of IQPLL is given according to the frequency response characteristics of the system. The experimental results in a 630 kW PMSM platform show that the proposed IQPLL, compared with the conventional QPLL, can realize the forward and reverse control of the PMSM, and effectively suppress DC offset error in the rotor position under acceleration and deceleration conditions. Unlike most existing improved QPLLs that only optimize a single objective, the proposed IQPLL simultaneously optimizes two objectives. Thus, the conventional QPLL's inversion failure can be solved, and the large rotor position estimation error during acceleration and deceleration operation can be suppressed. Accordingly, the IQPLL studied in this paper has outstanding advantages for the occasions where acceleration and deceleration are frequent and forward and reverse rotation are required.
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2024, Vol. 39 
