MMC-MTDC DC Side Single-Ended Quantity Fault Identification Method with Boundary Elements
Fu Hua1, Chen Haoxuan1, Li Xiuju2, Chen Runjing3
1. Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering Liaoning Technical University Huludao 125105 China; 2. State Grid Huludao Power Supply Company Huludao 125100 China; 3. State Grid Dandong Power Supply Company Dandong 118000 China
Abstract：DC-side fault identification is the major scientific issue that needs to be solved urgently for multi-terminal DC transmission (MTDC) system based on modular multilevel converter(MMC). This paper proposed a fault identification method based on the single-ended transient energy by analyzing the boundary characteristic and inter-pole coupling characteristic of the DC line. The fault line selection criterion was constructed by the transient characteristic of the internal fault and external fault and the directional element. And the bus fault identification criterion was achieved by the directional element of the bus-connected lines and the transient characteristic of AC-side fault. Then, the fault pole discrimination criterion was designed by the low-frequency current difference between two poles. The proposed method could quickly identify the DC-side fault without communication, which could satisfy the speed and selectivity requirement of the MMC-MTDC system. At last, the Zhangbei four-port flexible DC system is built in PSCAD and the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by simulation results of different fault type, fault location and transition resistance, as well as proving that the method has certain ability resisting transition resistance.
[1] 张释中, 裴玮, 杨艳红, 等. 基于柔性直流互联的多微网集成聚合运行优化及分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(5): 1025-1037.Zhang Shizhong, Pei Wei, Yang Yanhong, et al. Optimization and analysis of multi-microgrids integration and aggregation operation based on flexible DC interconnection[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(5): 1025-1037. [2] 苏见燊, 郭敬东, 金涛. 柔性直流电网中直流故障特性分析及线路故障重启策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(增刊1): 352-359. Su Jianshen, Guo Jingdong, Jin Tao. DC fault characteristics and line fault recovery strategy in flexible DC power network[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(S1): 352-359. [3] 徐殿国, 李彬彬, 周少泽. 模块化多电平高压变频技术研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(20): 104- 116. Xu Dianguo, Li Binbin, Zhou Shaoze. Overview of the modular multilevel converter based high voltage motor drive[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(20): 104-116. [4] 陈继开, 孙川, 李国庆, 等. 双极MMC-HVDC系统直流故障特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(10): 53-60, 68.Chen Jikai, Sun Chuan, Li Guoqing, et al. Study on characteristics of DC fault in bipolar MMC-HVDC system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(10): 53-60, 68. [5] 陈宝平, 林涛, 陈汝斯, 等. 直驱风电场经VSC-HVDC 并网系统的多频段振荡特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(增刊1): 176-184.Chen Baoping, Lin Tao, Chen Rusi, et al. Characteristics of multi-band oscillation for direct drive wind farm interfaced with VSC-HVDC system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(S1): 176-184. [6] 乔立华, 陶然, 宋国兵, 等. 直流线路边界特性保护综述[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(19): 179-186.Qiao Lihua, Tao Ran, Song Guobing, et al. A summary of the boundary characteristics used in DC system relay protection[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(19): 179-186. [7] Li Bin, He Jiawei, Tian Jie, et al.DC fault analysis for modular multilevel converter-based system[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2017, 5(2): 275-282. [8] 严胜, 罗湘, 贺之渊. 直流电网核心装备及关键技术展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(3): 205-216. Yan Sheng, Luo Xiang, He Zhiyuan. Prospect of core equipment and key technology for DC grid[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(3): 205-216. [9] 谢志远, 胡斌俞, 张卫民, 等. 基于边界消耗暂态谐波能量的柔性直流输电线路保护新方案[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2018, 46(19): 34-42.Xie Zhiyuan, Hu Binyu, Zhang Weimin, et al. A novel protection scheme for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on boundary transient harmonic energy[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(19): 34-42. [10] 李威, 吴学光, 常彬, 等. 基于电压变化率故障检测的高压直流断路器保护策略[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(2): 554-565.Li Wei, Wu Xueguang, Chang Bin, et al. Research on protection strategy of HVDC circuit breaker based on voltage change rate fault detection[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(2): 554-565. [11] Sneath J, Rajapakse A D.Fault detection and interruption in an earthed HVDC grid using ROCOV and hybrid DC breakers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 31(3): 973-981. [12] 何佳伟, 李斌, 李晔, 等. 多端柔性直流电网快速方向纵联保护方案[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(23): 6878-6887, 7078.He Jiawei, Li Bin, Li Ye, et al. A fast directional pilot protection scheme for the MMC-based MTDC grid [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(23): 6878-6887, 7078. [13] Zou Guibin, Feng Qian, Huang Qiang, et al.A fast protection scheme for VSC based multi-terminal DC grid[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2018, 98: 307-314. [14] Saleh K A, Hooshyar A, El-Saadany E F. Ultra-high-speed traveling-wave-based protection scheme for medium-voltage DC microgrids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2019, 10(2): 1440-1451. [15] Feng Xianyong, Li Qi, Pan Jiuping, et al.A novel fault location method and algorithm for DC distribution protection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2017, 53(3): 1834-1840. [16] Li Chengyu, Gole A M, Zhao Chengyong.A fast DC fault detection method using DC reactor voltages in HVDC grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2018, 33(5): 2254-2264. [17] 李斌, 何佳伟, 李晔, 等. 基于边界特性的多端柔性直流配电系统单端量保护方案[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(21): 5741-5749, 6016.Li Bin, He Jiawei, Li Ye, et al. Single-ended protection scheme based on boundary characteristic for the multi-terminal VSC-based DC distribution system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(21): 5741-5749, 6016. [18] Hossam-Eldin A, Lotfy A, Elgamal M, et al.Artificial intelligence-based short-circuit fault identifier for MT-HVDC systems[J]. IET Generation Transmission & Distribution, 2018, 12(10): 2436-2443. [19] 周海鸿, 杨明发, 阮俊峰. MMC-HVDC输电系统直流故障隔离综述[J]. 电气技术, 2019, 20(1): 1-6.Zhou Haihong, Yang Mingfa, Ruan Junfeng. Summarization of DC fault isolation in MMC-HVDC transmission system[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2019, 20(1): 1-6. [20] Xue Shimin, Lian Jie, Qi Jinlong, et al.Pole-to-ground fault analysis and fast protection scheme for HVDC based on overhead transmission lines[J]. Energies, 2017, 10(7): 1059-1075. [21] 尹太元, 王跃, 段国朝, 等. 基于零直流电压控制的混合型MMC-HVDC直流短路故障穿越策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(增刊1): 343-351. Yin Taiyuan, Wang Yue, Duan Guozhao, et al. Zero DC voltage control based DC fault ride-through strategy for hybrid modular multilevel converter in HVDC[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(S1): 343-351. [22] 朱思丞, 赵成勇, 许建中. 含多类型故障限流设备动作的直流电网保护时序配合[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(21): 195-207.Zhu Sicheng, Zhao Chengyong, Xu Jianzhong. Time-sequence coordination of protection in DC grid with multi-type fault current limiting devices[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(21): 195-207. [23] Li Rui, Xu Lie, Holliday D, et al.Continuous operation of radial multiterminal HVDC systems under DC fault[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2016, 31(1): 351-361. [24] 汤兰西, 董新洲. MMC直流输电网线路短路故障电流的近似计算方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(2): 490-498, 646.Tang Lanxi, Dong Xinzhou. An approximate method for the calculation of transmission line fault current in MMC-HVDC grid [J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(2): 490-498, 646. [25] 宁连营, 邰能灵, 郑晓冬, 等. 基于单端暂态电流的MMC-HVDC输电线路保护方案研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(17): 5010-5017, 5220.Ning Lianying, Tai Nengling, Zheng Xiaodong, et al. Research on MMC-HVDC transmission line protection scheme based on one terminal transient current[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(17): 5010-5017, 5220. [26] 褚旭, 王亮, 王华伟, 等. 高压直流输电线路极间耦合影响及故障选极方案[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37(4): 140-146. Chu Xu, Wang Liang, Wang Huawei, et al. Analysis of inter-pole coupling effect and faulty pole selection for HVDC transmission line[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(4): 140-146.
2021, Vol. 36 
