Abstract:The bearingless brushless DC motor (BBLDCM) is a high-performance brushless DC motor adopting bearingless technology. It not only possesses the characteristics of small volume, high efficiency, simple maintenance and good speed regulation performance of the brushless DC motor, but also has the features of no friction, no lubrication, cleanliness and long cycle life of the magnetic bearing. In this paper, the principle of suspension force generation of the BBLDCM is introduced firstly. Then the domestic and abroad research status with reference to the key technologies of the BBLDCM is overviewed. Furthermore, the studies of the BBLDCM in the application fields of blood pump, flywheel energy storage and other special fields are illustrated. Finally, the existing problems are analyzed and the development trend is forecasted to improve the performance of the BBLDCM.
朱熀秋, 郝正杰, 潘伟, 刁小燕. 无轴承无刷直流电机的研究、应用及发展趋势[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(21): 4428-4440.
Zhu Huangqiu, Hao Zhengjie, Pan Wei, Diao Xiaoyan. Research, Application and Development Trends of Bearingless Brushless DC Motor. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(21): 4428-4440.
[1] 赵旭升, 邓智泉, 王晓琳, 等. 永磁偏置磁轴承的研究现状及其发展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(9): 9-20. Zhao Xusheng, Deng Zhiquan, Wang Xiaolin, et al.Research status and development of permanent magnet biased magnetic bearings[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(9): 9-20. [2] 张维煜, 朱熀秋. 飞轮储能关键技术及其发展现状[J]. 电工技术学报, 2011, 26(7): 141-146. Zhang Weiyu, Zhu Huangqiu.Key technologies and development status of flywheel energy storage system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2011, 26(7): 141-146. [3] Bosch R.Development of a bearingless motor[C]// Proceedings of International Conference of Electric Machines, Pisa, Italy, 1988: 373-375. [4] Schneeberger T, Nussbaumer T, Kolar J W.Magne- tically levitated homopolar hollow-shaft motor[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2010, 15(1): 97-107. [5] Stephens L S, Dae Gon K.Force and torque characteristics for a slotless Lorentz self-bearing servomotor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002, 38(4): 1764-1773. [6] Bartholet M T, Nussbaumer T, Kolar J W.Com- parison of voltage-source inverter topologies for two-phase bearingless slice motors[J]. IEEE Transac- tions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(5): 1921-1925. [7] Nguyen Q D, Ueno S.Analysis and control of nonsalient permanent magnet axial gap self-bearing motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(7): 2644-2652. [8] Rodriguez E F, Santisteban J A.An improved control system for a spilt winding bearingless induction motor[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(8): 3401-3408. [9] Karutz P, Nussbaumer T, Johann W K, et al.Magnetically levitated slice motors-an overview[C]// Proceedings of IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, California, USA, 2009: 1494-1501. [10] Ooshima M.Analyses of suspension force in a bearingless motor with brushless DC structure[C]// Proceedings of 2006 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Nagasaki, Japan, 2006. [11] 王凤翔, 徐隆亚. 一种用于人工心脏的无轴承无刷永磁直流电动机的设计与特性[J]. 电机与控制学报, 1997, 1(4): 203-207. Wang Fengxiang, Xu Longya.Design and per- formance of a bearingless and brushless PM DC motor for artificial heart[J]. Electric Machines and Control, 1997, 1(4): 203-207. [12] Ooshima M, Rahman M A.Control strategy of magnetic suspension and performances of a bearing- less BLDC motor[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Electric Machines and Drives, Niagara, Canada, 2011: 71-76. [13] Ooshima M.Magnetic suspension characteristics of a bearingless brushless DC motor[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Pittsburgh, USA, 2008: 1-5. [14] Ooshima M.Winding arrangement to increase suspension force in bearingless motors with brushless DC structure[C]//Proceedings of 33rd Annual Con- ference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Taipei, China, 2007: 181-186. [15] Ooshima M.Analyses of rotational torque and suspension force in a permanent magnet synchronous bearingless motor with short-pitch winding[C]// Proceedings of Power Engineering Society General Meeting, Florida, USA, 2007: 1-7. [16] Miyashita K, Ooshima M.Design of a time-divided torque and suspension force control type bearingless motor[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Michigan, USA, 2011: 1-4. [17] Reichert T, Nussbaumer T, Kolar J W.Novel bearing- less brushless motor in exterior rotor construction for stirred bioreactors[C]//Proceedings of 5th IET Inter- national Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives, Brighton, UK, 2010: 1-6. [18] Zürcher F, Nussbaumer T, Kolar J W.Principles of magnetic levitation force and motor torque generation by superposition of harmonics in bearingless brushless motors[C]//Proceedings of 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Porto, Portugal, 2009: 1246-1251. [19] Zürcher F, Nussbaumer T, Kolar J W.Motor torque and magnetic levitation force generation in bearing- less brushless multipole motors[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2012, 17(6): 1088-1097. [20] Lee H I, Yoo S Y, Noh M D.Toroidally-wound self-bearing BLDC motor with Lorentz force[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2010, 46(6): 2148-2151. [21] 朱熀秋, 陈雷刚, 许波, 等. 一种无轴承无刷直流电机及其控制方法: 中国, 201110281550.1[P].2011-09-21. [22] 陈雷刚. 无轴承无刷直流电机精确数学模型及控制系统设计[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2013. [23] 戈素贞. 新型无轴承无刷直流电动机结构与模型研究[J]. 农业工程学报, 2008, 24(2): 131-135. Ge Suzhen.Configuration and model of innovative direct current motor without bearing and brush[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2008, 24(2): 131-135. [24] 戈素贞. 新型无轴承无刷直流电动机DSP控制[J]. 机床与液压, 2011, 39(20): 109-112. Ge Suzhen.Configuration and model of innovative direct current motor without bearing and brush[J]. Machine Tool & Hydraulics, 2011, 39(20): 109-112. [25] Qin Yuemei, Zhu Huangqiu, Zhao Chenyin.Design and analysis of five-phase double-stator bearingless brushless DC motor[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Hangzhou, China, 2016: 1-6. [26] Pallav D, Sankar N M.Design of mathematical model and performance analysis of BLBLDC motor[C]// Proceedings of the 2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Energy and Communication, Calcutta, India, 2014: 457-461. [27] 朱熀秋, 陈雷刚, 刁晓燕, 等. 无轴承无刷直流电机悬浮原理及控制系统设计[C]//中国控制会议, 合肥, 中国, 2012: 4545-4549. [28] 陈雷刚, 朱熀秋. 无轴承无刷直流电机径向悬浮力精确数学模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(36): 75-81. Chen Leigang, Zhu Huangqiu.An accurate mathmati- cal model of radial suspension force in bearingless brushless DC motors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(36): 75-81. [29] Grabner H, Amrhein W, Silber S, et al.Nonlinear feedback control of a bearingless brushless DC motor[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Power Electronics and Drives Systems, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2005: 366-371. [30] Grabner H, Amrhein W, Silber S, et al.Nonlinear feedback control of a bearingless brushless DC motor[J]. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2010, 15(1): 40-47. [31] 王伟然. 直接转矩控制在无轴承无刷直流电机中的应用[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2012. [32] 许洁, 刘贤兴, 李兵伟. 无轴承无刷直流电机的直接转矩控制[J]. 江苏科技大学学报: 自然科学版, 2012, 26(3): 266-270. Xu Jie, Liu Xianxing, Li Bingwei.Direct torque control of bearingless brushless DC motor[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology: Natural Science Edition, 2012, 26(3): 266-270. [33] 朱熀秋, 单龙. 无轴承无刷直流电机悬浮力新型控制策略[J]. 江苏大学学报: 自然科学版, 2015, 36(2): 209-214. Zhu Huangqiu, Shan Long.A new control method of suspension force for bearingless brushless DC motor[J]. Journal of Jiangsu University: Natural Science Edition, 2015, 36(2): 209-214. [34] 朱熀秋, 张婷婷, 潘伟, 等. 无轴承无刷直流电机神经网络α 阶逆控制器的构造方法: 中国, 201110003805.8[P].2011-01-10. [35] Diao Xiaoyan, Zhu Huangqiu, Zhang Duo.Speed and displacement control system of bearingless brushless DC motor based on improved bacterial foraging algorithm[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Measurement Instrumentation and Electronics, Munich, Germany, 2016, DOI: 10.1051/mateccont/ 20167507005. [36] Wan S, Tseng K J, Chan W K.Novel bearingless centrifugal blood pump[C]//Proceedings of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, Bali, Indonesia, 2001: 743-748. [37] Horz M, Herzog H G, Medler N.System design and comparison of calculated and measured performance of a bearingless BLDC-drive with axial flux path for an implantable blood pump[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Power Electronics, Elec- trical Drives, Automation and Motion, Taormina, Italy, 2006: 1024-1027. [38] Stepien M, Grzesik B.BLDC-control of forces in passive magnetic bearings in blood pump[C]//Pro- ceedings of International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2012: 31-33. [39] Yoo S Y, Lee H C, Noh M D.Optimal design of micro flywheel energy storage system[C]//Inter- national Conference on Control, Automation and Systems, Seoul, Korea, 2008: 492-496. [40] 刘奕辰. 无轴承无刷直流电机飞轮储能系统基础研究[D]. 镇江: 江苏大学, 2015. [41] Sun Yukun, Yang Fan, Yuan Ye, et al.Out rotor bearingless brushless DC motor for flywheel energy storage[C]//Proceedings of International Workshop on Complex Systems and Networks, Doha, Qatar, 2017: 7-12. [42] Sun Yukun, Yang Fan, Yuan Ye, et al.Control of out-rotor bearingless brushless DC motor[C]// Proceedings of Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation, Hefei, China, 2017: 624-627. [43] Ooshima M, Takeuchi C.Magnetic suspension performance of a bearingless brushless DC motor for small liquid pumps[C]//Proceedings of 2009 Inter- national Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, Tokyo, Japan, 2009: 72-78. [44] 方晓厅. 磁悬浮无轴承无刷直流电机及其在计算机硬盘中的应用研究[D]. 西安: 西北工业大学, 2006. [45] 刘奕辰, 朱熀秋. 无轴承无刷直流电机研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 微电机, 2014, 47(8): 74-78. Liu Yichen, Zhu Huangqiu.Research status and development trends of bearingless brushless DC motor[J]. Micromotors, 2014, 47(8): 74-78. [46] 夏长亮, 文德, 范娟, 等. 基于RBF神经网络的无刷直流电机无位置传感器控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2002, 17(3): 26-29. Xia Changliang, Wen De, Fan Juan, et al.Based on RBF neural network position sensorless control for brushless DC motors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2002, 17(3): 26-29. [47] Merin J, Aishwarya V.Sensorless brushless DC motor drive fed by Cuk converter[C]//Proceedings of International Conference on Circuit, Power and Com- puting Technologies, Bangalore, India, 2016: 1-7. [48] 韦鲲. 永磁无刷直流电机电磁转矩脉动抑制技术的研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2005. [49] 朱俊杰, 刘浩然, 蒋峰, 等. 无刷直流电机转矩脉动抑制系统的新型拓扑研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(17): 4060-4068. Zhu Junjie, Liu Haoran, Jiang Feng, et al.A new topology research on torque ripple suppression system of brushless motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(17): 4060-4068. [50] 王培侠, 姜卫东, 王金平, 等. 基于电流滞环控制的无刷直流电机多状态换相转矩脉动抑制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(22): 5261-5272. Wang Peixia, Jiang Weidong, Wang Jinping, et al.A current hysteresis control method for brushless DC motor in multi-state with commutation torque ripple reduction[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(22): 5261-5272. [51] 夏鲲, 朱琳玲, 曾彦能, 等. 基于准Z源网络的永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35(4): 971-978. Xia Kun, Zhu Linling, Zeng Yanneng, et al.Researches on the method of suppressing com- mutation torque ripple for brushless DC motors based on a quasi-Z-source net[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2015, 35(4): 971-978. [52] Xia Kun, Lu Jing, Bi Chao, et al.Dynamic commutation torque-ripple reduction for brushless DC motor based on quasi-Z-source net[J]. IET Electric Power Applications, 2016, 10(9): 819-826.