构网型新能源与静止无功发生器并联系统暂态电压耦合机理与支撑策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260622

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摘要

在高比例新能源并网场景下,构网型（GFM）新能源机组因具备主动电压与频率支撑能力而备受关注,然而其在大扰动工况下与静止无功发生器（SVG）等辅助设备并联运行时,暂态电压耦合机理尚不明确,制约了GFM-SVG并联系统的协同电压支撑能力。针对上述问题,本文首先建立GFM-SVG并联系统暂态模型,揭示SVG无功电流经网络阻抗与GFM输出功率形成暂态电压耦合机理及其与电压支撑作用的动态映射关系;进而通过相平面法研究功角稳定约束下关键控制参数对系统暂态电压支撑能力的影响规律;最后,提出了有功-无功协同调节的GFM-SVG并联系统暂态电压支撑策略,在设定GFM和SVG投入时序的基础上,考虑参数阈值动态调整GFM有功指令与无功-电压下垂系数,提升并网点电压。仿真与实验结果表明,所提策略能够有效增强GFM-SVG并联系统的暂态电压支撑能力,改善新能源场站的暂态电压稳定性。

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关键词 ：构网型新能源, 静止无功发生器, 暂态耦合, 电压支撑, 协同支撑策略

Abstract：

Under high-penetration renewable energy grid integration, system inertia and reactive power support are significantly reduced, resulting in low damping and low short-circuit capacity. Grid-forming (GFM) converters are widely adopted for their capability to emulate synchronous generator behavior and provide voltage and frequency support at the point of common coupling (PCC). However, under large disturbances such as short-circuit faults or the switching of large-capacity units, GFM converters themselves face risks of power-angle instability and current saturation. Additionally, complex transient power coupling and dynamic interactions with static var generators (SVG) can arise through grid impedance. Thus, the transient interaction mechanisms and coordinated control strategies for GFM-SVG parallel systems under large disturbances require in-depth and systematic investigation.
This paper investigates the coordinated operation of a GFM-SVG system in renewable energy plants, focusing on transient interaction mechanisms and the development of a coordinated control strategy. A joint operation model of the GFM-SVG system is first established. Based on the power-angle characteristic equation and the nodal voltage equation, the transient power characteristics are analyzed, revealing that SVG reactive current affects GFM transient stability through a power coupling term. This coupling term dynamically affects GFM active and reactive power outputs via the PCC voltage phase angle. The phase plane method is then employed to examine the influence of key GFM control parameters—specifically, virtual inertia, damping coefficient, reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, and reactive integral coefficient—on transient voltage support capability under power-angle stability constraints. The equal area criterion is further applied to explain how transient energy interaction affects GFM stability margins. Based on these analyses, a transient stability enhancement control strategy is proposed, combining fast active power regulation with coordinated reactive voltage support. Under large disturbances, following SVG reactive power injection, the GFM active power reference is dynamically reduced to suppress power-angle acceleration, while the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient is adaptively increased according to the PCC voltage deviation severity. This dual adjustment jointly optimizes the transient energy balance and voltage support capability of the parallel system. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively suppresses GFM power-angle divergence and power oscillations, enhancing the transient stability and low-voltage ride-through capability of the GFM-SVG system.
The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The reactive current output from SVG, coupled through grid impedance, modifies the GFM output power and power-angle characteristics. During grid voltage sags, rapid reactive support from SVG elevates the PCC voltage and the GFM electromagnetic power curve, which constitutes the physical basis for enhancing system transient stability. (2) Phase plane analysis indicates that the transient voltage support capability of GFM depends strongly on its power-angle stability status. Increasing SVG reactive power output, raising the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, and appropriately adjusting the reactive integral coefficient can all enhance the transient voltage support strength of the parallel system. Conversely, excessive virtual inertia exacerbates power-angle deviation, weakens voltage support, and may lead to instability. (3) A coordinated active-reactive transient control strategy is proposed, triggered by the PCC voltage condition after SVG compensation. By dynamically reducing the GFM active power reference and adaptively enhancing the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, the strategy achieves joint optimization of transient energy balance and voltage level.

Key words： Grid-forming renewable energy Static var generator Transient coupling Voltage support Coordinated support strategy

收稿日期: 2026-04-26

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金“新一代可再生能源系统构网控制理论与集群协同方法”联合基金资助项目（U23A20648）

通讯作者: 苏小玲女,1986年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源发电并网控制、综合能源系统等。E-mail：suxiaoling@qhu.edu.cn

作者简介: 周得录男,2002年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电并网控制、储能系统并网控制。E-mail：zhoudelu0124@163.com

引用本文:

周得录, 赵世昌, 耿治, 赵正奎, 苏小玲. 构网型新能源与静止无功发生器并联系统暂态电压耦合机理与支撑策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 260622-. Zhou Delu, Zhao Shichang, Geng Zhi, Zhao Zhengkui, Su Xiaoling. Transient Voltage Coupling Mechanism and Support Strategy for a Grid-Forming Renewable Energy and SVG Parallel System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 260622-.

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