面向舰船低频脉冲负载的柴储动态惯量自适应控制方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251437

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摘要

舰船综合电力系统的柴油发电机在运行过程中精确的轴系转动惯量参数难以获取,柴油机惯量释放机制与储能的虚拟惯量释放机制不同,柴储惯量难以实现匹配。因此,雷达等大功率脉冲负载功率的瞬时变化会造成柴储混合供电系统的供电功率不平衡,导致功率持续振荡,系统产生暂态有功环流,影响系统稳定性。为此,本文建立了柴储混合供电系统功率不平衡度与柴储惯量参数之间的函数关系,通过解析虚拟同步发电机与柴油发电机输出功率的时域方程,得到脉冲负载投切全过程虚拟同步发电机虚拟惯量取值对于系统不平衡功率的影响,并以此为根据提出了基于脉冲参数的虚拟同步发电机惯量自适应策略,该自适应策略确保其惯量在脉冲载入时自适应增加、切出时自适应减小,动态匹配柴油发电机的轴系转动惯量,最终达到降低功率不平衡度、防止变流器过流的效果。通过仿真,对比了采用定惯量控制策略与所提出的控制策略下系统的不平衡功率、暂态有功环流,验证了所提策略的优越性。

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关键词 ：脉冲负载, 柴储混合供电系统, 惯量, 功率不平衡度, 暂态有功环流, 自适应策略

Abstract：

In shipboard integrated power systems (SIPS), accurately obtaining the shaft rotational inertia parameters of diesel generators (DGs) during operation presents significant challenges due to influences from the diesel engine unit, the generator set shafting, and control loops. The inertia release mechanism of diesel engines differs fundamentally from the virtual inertia release mechanism employed by energy storage systems. As a result, under pulse load conditions, it is difficult for the virtual inertia of the energy storage converter to accurately match the inertia of the diesel generator, which poses challenges for the design and optimization of energy storage control strategies.
Therefore, instantaneous power variations of high-power pulse loads, such as radar, cause power supply imbalances in the diesel-storage hybrid power supply system. This leads to sustained power oscillations, generates transient active circulating currents, and compromises system stability. To address this issue, this paper establishes a functional relationship between the system power imbalance degree and the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) inertia. The time-domain equations for power sharing between the VSG and DG are analytically derived. Furthermore, the influence of VSG inertia characteristics on the unbalanced power of the diesel-storage hybrid system during pulse load switching is determined. Based on this, an adaptive VSG inertia strategy that tracks pulse load parameters is proposed. This adaptive strategy ensures that the inertia increases adaptively when the pulse load is connected and decreases adaptively when it is disconnected, dynamically matching the shaft rotational inertia of the diesel generator. Ultimately, this achieves the effects of reducing the power imbalance degree and preventing converter overcurrent. The adaptive parameters were tuned, with the parameter tuning range provided. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of parameter variations within this range on the optimization effect of the system power imbalance degree.
The experimental verification and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) Multiple sets of low-frequency pulse loads with different duty cycles, periods, and amplitudes were selected in the experiments. The unbalanced power fluctuation range and transient active circulating current of the system were compared before and after implementing the fixed-inertia and adaptive control strategies, validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. By comparing the transient active circulating current values before and after adaptive parameter tuning, the accuracy of the adaptive parameter tuning was verified, and the optimal parameter values within the tuning range were determined.(2)Using the reduction in normalized power imbalance degree as an indicator of optimization effectiveness, and varying pulse frequency and duty cycle, the proposed method exhibits the following characteristics: the lower the pulse frequency, the more significant the optimization effect of the inertia adaptive strategy, and the optimization effect is less affected by the pulse duty cycle. In terms of frequency characteristics, the reduction in unbalanced power primarily occurs at the fundamental frequency of the pulse and its odd harmonic components. (3) Compared to other existing control strategies, the adaptive VSG strategy based on pulse load parameters proposed in this paper features faster response to disturbances, superior actual performance in reducing system power imbalance, and higher realizability. Considering practical engineering scenarios with millisecond-level delays in obtaining pulse parameters and identification errors, the proposed dynamic inertia adaptive control method demonstrates strong anti-interference capability. It can achieve optimization effects in such scenarios, proving its practical applicability.

Key words： Pulsed load Diesel-Storage Hybrid Power Supply System Inertia Power Imbalance Degree Transient Active Circulating Current Adaptive Strategy

收稿日期: 2025-08-15

PACS:

TM762

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金青年基金资助项目（52207124）

通讯作者: 余墨多男,1993年生,副研究员,研究方向为微电网稳定性及控制。E-mail：m18817519493@163.com

作者简介: 张启胜男,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为船舶综合电力系统保护与控制。E-mail：904598555@qq.com

引用本文:

张启胜, 余墨多, 黄文焘, 邰能灵, 丁峰. 面向舰船低频脉冲负载的柴储动态惯量自适应控制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 7-. Zhang Qisheng, Yu Moduo, Huang Wentao, Tai Nengling, Ding Feng. Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Control of Diesel-Storage Hybrid Systems for Shipboard Low-Frequency Pulsed Loads. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 7-.

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