波动工况下碱性水电解制氢运行操作参数可行域分析与多目标优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251693

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摘要

可再生能源碱性水电解制氢是规模化制氢的主要技术途径,为解决其在波动工况下存在的安全风险和效率下降问题,提出一种基于操作参数可行域分析与多目标优化的协调控制方法。建立了考虑温度影响的气体交叉、系统效率精确模型,分析功率波动对温度、气体交叉速率和极化特性的影响。随后基于多物理模型的安全刚性约束研究温度变化对操作参数安全边界的影响,确定电流密度、压力与循环流量的可行域区间。最后,通过对压力和循环流量协同控制,以可行域为约束,氧中氢浓度和系统效率为目标进行滚动优化,并在光伏制氢场景中进行验证。结果表明,本文提出的操作参数可行域分析与多目标优化协调控制方法有效拓展了碱性水电解系统的功率下限,系统效率提高2.05%,氢气总产量提升30.7%,显著提升了系统的安全性和经济性。

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	杨富荃
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	刘斌

关键词 ：碱性水电解, 波动工况, 安全刚性约束, 操作参数, 可行域, 多目标优化

Abstract：

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) powered by renewable energy is a primary pathway for large-scale hydrogen production. However, the intermittency and volatility of renewable energy impose operational challenges. Input power fluctuations cause temperature changes and elevated HTO concentrations, which compromise system safety. Existing control strategies, which adopt either constant operating parameters or linear adjustments based on input power, are insufficient under fluctuating conditions. To address these issues, this study proposes a coordinated control method for AWE based on feasible domain analysis and multi-objective optimization of operating parameters.
First, an accurate multi-physics dynamic model is established, coupling heat transfer, gas crossover, mass transport, and system efficiency. This model analyzes how power fluctuations and parameter adjustments affect temperature, gas crossover, mass transport, and efficiency. The results show that reducing pressure and circulation flow rate suppresses gas crossover and lowers HTO concentration, but at the expense of system efficiency. Moreover, the mass transport process within the separator is identified as the primary factor leading to the slow response of HTO concentration, reducing pressure or increasing current density can effectively shorten the mass transport time.
Then, strict safety constraints are introduced based on the multi-physics model to investigate how temperature variations affect the operational safety boundaries. These safety constraints are then reformulated as boundaries of temperature, current density, pressure, and circulation flow rate. By combining these safety boundaries, the feasible domain of operational parameters is determined, and its variation under fluctuating operating conditions is analyzed. The results show that moderately reducing the pressure can improve the lower power limit, and adjusting the circulating flow rate according to the input power can enhance the adaptability of AWE to power fluctuations.
On this basis, coordinated regulation of pressure and circulation flow rate is implemented using the electrolyzer temperature and input power sequence as references. With energy utilization, HTO concentration, and system efficiency as objectives, the feasible domain constraints are incorporated into a penalty-function-based optimization framework. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is employed to obtain the Pareto-optimal set, and receding-horizon optimization is further applied to ensure smooth adjustment of operational parameters and generate the optimal control sequence.
Finally, the model is validated using real AWE data, and the method is evaluated in a photovoltaic hydrogen production scenario. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively extends the lower operating power limit of AWE, maintains HTO concentration within the safety threshold, improves system efficiency by 2.05%, increases total hydrogen production by 30.7%, and reduces hydrogen production cost by 18.07%. Overall, the study shows that temperature fluctuations under renewable power supply reshape the feasible domain, and coordinated adjustment of operational parameters according to temperature and input power can reduce HTO concentration and enhance system efficiency, thereby strengthening the adaptability of AWE to fluctuating renewable energy conditions.

Key words： Alkaline water electrolysis fluctuating conditions strict safety constraints operating parameters feasible domain multi-objective optimization

收稿日期: 2025-09-30

PACS:

TK91

基金资助:

河北省重点研发计划项目（21314303D）、河北省科技重大专项（23284502Z）和河北省省级科技计划项目（24464401D）资助

通讯作者: 闫荣格女,1969年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为可再生能源发电、工程电磁场与磁技术。E-mail：yanrg@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨富荃男,1993年生,博士,研究方向可再生能源制氢及应用。E-mail：fortune_yang@foxmail.com

引用本文:

杨富荃, 闫荣格, 孙鹤旭, 雷兆明, 刘斌. 波动工况下碱性水电解制氢运行操作参数可行域分析与多目标优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20251693-. Yang Fuquan, Yan Rongge, Sun Hexu, Lei Zhaoming, Liu Bin. Feasible Domain Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization of Operating Parameters for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Hydrogen Production under Fluctuating Operating Conditions. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20251693-.

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