储能电站送出线路相间距离保护适应性分析及其改进措施

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250885

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摘要

受电化学储能电站充、放电两种运行工况下不同故障特征的影响,采用记忆电压的比相式距离保护元件,在储能侧保护正方向和系统侧保护反方向发生故障时均可能出现不正确动作的情况。为此,研究了基于故障前电流方向的相位修正的距离保护方案。首先,分析了储能电站在充/放电不同工况下的故障特性,从原理上阐述其对阻抗继电器动作性能的影响机理;在此基础上,提出了一种基于储能等值视在电源阻抗角的动作判据相位修正方法,即改进的距离保护方法;最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台中进行验证。仿真结果表明：充电工况下,短路电流与电压的相位差变化将导致储能电站侧保护在正方向故障时拒动,系统侧保护在反方向故障时误动,而所提的距离保护的改进方法可以消除充电工况的影响,准确识别故障位置,距离保护可靠动作,且有较强的抗过渡电阻能力。

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关键词 ：储能电站, 故障特性, 继电保护, 距离保护, 相位修正

Abstract：

In recent years, the application of electrochemical energy storage power stations in power systems has been increasing rapidly. However, their unique fault characteristics during charging and discharging have posed new challenges to relay protection, especially to distance protection. The adaptability of phase-comparison distance protection with memory voltage to the transmission lines of energy storage power stations is studied in detail and a distance protection scheme based on phase correction of the pre-fault current direction is proposed in the paper.
An in-depth analysis of the distinct fault characteristics of energy storage power stations during charging and discharging is studied in detail. It is revealed that the output current phase angle varies significantly between these two working conditions, leading to changes in the impedance angle of the equivalent "apparent power source" of the energy storage system. Subsequently, the impact mechanism of these characteristics on the operating performance of impedance relays is theoretically explained.
Traditional distance protection scheme, which utilize memory voltage for polarization, is widely used in practical engineering. However, when applied to energy storage power stations, this scheme may encounter issues such as exit dead zones and incorrect operations in reverse direction. To address these challenges, the concept of an equivalent "apparent power source" impedance angle for energy storage systems is introduced in the paper. An improved distance protection method is proposed, which involves phase correction of the action criteria based on the equivalent impedance angle of the energy storage power station.
The proposed method enables the online measurement of the equivalent "apparent power source" impedance angle of the energy storage system. By comparing the phase relationship between the measured voltage and current at the protection installation point of the energy storage power station, the phase correction principle is employed to enhance the distance protection scheme.
The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified through simulations conducted on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform. The simulation results demonstrate that under charging conditions, the phase difference between the short-circuit current and voltage can lead to incorrect operations of distance protection. Specifically, the protection on the energy storage side may fail to operate during a positive direction fault near the installation site for protection, and the protection on the system side may maloperate during a reverse direction fault. However, the proposed correction criterion can eliminate the influence of charging conditions. It can accurately identify the fault location, ensuring reliable operation of distance protection and exhibiting strong resistance to transition resistance.
The key conclusions of the research in this paper are as follows: 1) The fault characteristics of electrochemical energy storage power stations vary significantly between charging and discharging conditions. These variations are reflected in the phase angle of the output current, which in turn affects the impedance angle of the equivalent "apparent power source" of the energy storage system. 2) Under charging conditions, the impedance angle of the equivalent "apparent power source" changes into obtuse angle, which can lead to incorrect operation of traditional phase-comparison distance protection. Specifically, distance protection on the energy storage side may fail to operate during a positive direction fault near the installation site for protection, and distance protection on the system side may maloperate during a reverse direction fault. 3) The proposed distance protection scheme, based on online measurement of the equivalent "apparent power source" impedance angle of the energy storage system, can effectively distinguish between internal and external faults. By correcting the phase angle of the impedance angle during charging conditions in action equation of impedance relay, the scheme improves the sensitivity and selectivity of protection, thereby enhancing the reliability of distance protection.

Key words： Energy storage power station fault characteristics relay protection distance protection phase correction

收稿日期: 2025-05-26

PACS:

TM77

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52337006,U2243243）和国家电网有限公司华东分部科技项目（520800230002）资助项目

通讯作者: 范春菊女,1967年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为电力系统继电保护及其综合自动化。E-mail：fanchunju@sjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王笑然男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向新能源接入线路继电保护。E-mail：wxrwljj0301@sjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王笑然, 范春菊, 朱浩瑜, 胡炎, 邰能灵. 储能电站送出线路相间距离保护适应性分析及其改进措施[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 258111-258111. Wang Xiaoran, Fan Chunju, Zhu Haoyu, Hu Yan, Tai Nengling. Adaptability Analysis and Improvement Measures for Phase to Phase Distance Protection of Transmission Lines Connected with Energy Storage Power Stations. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 258111-258111.

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