Abstract：A new concept of V2G available capacity is defined to represent the ability of dynamic and two-way energy balance for the battery groups of electric vehicles(EV) as energy storage elements in one microgrid based on vehicle to grid (V2G) technology. Three kinds of battery groups are defined, including battery group of private EV, battery group of public EV and battery group for secondary use. With effective representation of capacity variation in different time sections and deeper analysis in many aspects for the multiple battery groups, such as management modes, behavioral characteristics, configuration parameters, and etc. The real-time evaluation models of V2G available capacity for each kind of battery group are proposed, which will provide effective basis to develop the energy optimization control strategy for target microgrid. With the example of the PV-wind- diesel-battery hybrid microgrid in the area of Nanji Island in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, feasibility and validity of the presented scheme and evaluation method are demonstrated.
翁国庆, 张有兵, 戚军, 谢路耀. 多类型电动汽车电池集群参与微网储能的V2G可用容量评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2014, 29(8): 36-45.
Weng Guoqing, Zhang Youbing, Qi Jun, Xie Luyao. Evaluation for V2G Available Capacity of Battery Groups of Electric Vehicles as Energy Storage Elements in Microgrid. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2014, 29(8): 36-45.
[1] 丁明, 张颖媛, 茆美琴, 等. 包含钠硫电池储能的微网系统经济运行优化[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(4): 7-14. Ding Ming, Zhang Yingyuan, Mao Meiqin, et al. Economic operation optimization for microgrids including Na/S battery storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(4): 7-14. [2] 陈伟, 石晶, 任丽, 等. 微网中的多元复合储能技术[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2010, 34(1): 112-115. Chen Wei, Shi Jing, Ren Li, et al. Composite usage of multi type energy storage technologies in microgrid [J]. Automation of Electric Power System, 2010, 34(1): 112-115. [3] 刘晓飞, 张千帆, 崔淑梅. 电动汽车V2G技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(2): 121-127. Liu Xiaofei, Zhang Qianfan, Cui Shumei. Review of electric vehicle V2G technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(2): 121-127. [4] Kadurek P, Ioakimidis C, Ferrao P, et al. Electric vehicles and their impact to the electric grid in isolated systems[C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Lisbon, Portugal, 2009: 49-54. [5] Sekyung H, Soohee H, Sezaki K. Development of an optimal vehicle-to-grid aggregator for frequency regulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2010, 1(1): 65-72. [6] 杨黎晖, 许昭, J Stergaard, 等. 电动汽车在含大规模风电的丹麦电力系统中的应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2011, 35(14): 43-47. Yang Lihui, Xu Zhao, J Stergaard, et al. Electric Vehicles in danish power system with large penetration of wind power[J]. Automation of Electric Power System, 2011, 35(14): 43-47. [7] Jayakrishnan R Pillai, Birgitte Bak-Jensen. Vehicle- to-grid for islanded power system operation in Bornholm[C]. Proceedings of IEEE PES General Meeting, Minneapolis, United States, 2010: 1-8. [8] 魏克新, 陈峭岩. 基于多模型自适应卡尔曼滤波器的电动汽车电池荷电状态估计[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(31): 19-26. Wei Kexin, Chen Qiaoyan. Electric vehicle battery SOC estimation based on multiple-model adaptive Kalman filter[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(31): 19-26. [9] 雷肖, 陈清泉, 刘开培, 等. 电动车电池SOC估计的径向基函数神经网络方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2008, 23(5): 81-87. Lei Xiao, Chen Qingquan, Liu Kaipei, et al. Radial- based-function neural network based SOC estimation for electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2008, 23(5): 81-87. [10] Ng K S, Moo C S, Chen Y P, et al. Enhanced coulomb counting method for estimating state-of-charge and state-of-health of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Applied Energy, 2009, 86(9): 1506-1511. [11] Hadiey S W, Tsyetkova A. Potential impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on regional power generation[EB/OL].[2010-09-10]. http://www.ornl. gov/info/ornlreview/v41_1_08/regional_phev_analysis. pdf. [12] 杨洪明, 熊脶成, 刘保平. 插入式混合电动汽车充放电行为的概率分析[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2010, 25(3): 8-13. Yang Hongming, Xiong Luocheng, Liu Baoping. Probabilistic analysis of charging and discharging for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2010, 25(3): 8-13. [13] 杨冰, 王丽芳, 廖承林. 大规模电动汽车充电需求及影响因素[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(2): 22-27. Yang Bing, Wang Lifang, Liao Chenglin. Research on Power-charging demand of large-scale electric vehicles and its impacting factors[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(2): 22-27. [14] Vlachogiannis J G. Probabilistic constrained load flow considering integration of wind power generation and electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2009, 24(4): 1808-1817. [15] Ashtari A, Bibeau E, Shahidinejad S, et al. PEV charging profile prediction and analysis based on vehicle usage data[J]. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2012, 3(1): 341-350. [16] Gergaud O, Robin G, Multon B, et al. Energy modeling of a lead-acid battery within hybrid wind/ photovoltaic systems[C]. European Power Electrics Conference, 2003: 1-10. [17] 周逢权, 连湛伟, 王晓雷, 等. 电动汽车充电站运营模式探析[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2010, 38 (21): 63-66. Zhou Fengquan, Lian Zhanwei, Wang Xiaolei, et al. Discussion on operation mode to the electric vehicle charging station[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2010, 38(21): 63-66. [18] 廖强强, 周国定, 葛红花. 车网互联（V2G）支持高峰电力的技术经济分析[J]. 中国电力, 2012, 45(4): 92-95. Liao Qiangqiang, Zhou Guoding, Ge Honghua, et al. Technical and economic analysis on V2G peak power support mode[J]. Electric Power, 2012, 45(4): 92-95. [19] Viswanathan V V, Kintner Meyer M. Second use of transportation batteries: maximizing the value of batteries for transportation and grid services[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2011, 60(7): 2963-2970. [20] 刘念, 唐霄, 段帅, 等. 考虑动力电池梯次利用的光伏电站容量优化配置方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(4): 34-44. Liu Nian, Tang Xiao, Duan Shuai, et al. Capacity optimization method for PV-based battery swapping stations considering second-use of electric vehicle batteries[J]. Proceedings of the CESS, 2013, 33(4): 34-44. [21] 孟祥峰, 孙逢春, 林程, 等. 动力电池循环寿命预测方法研究[J]. 电源技术, 2009, 33(11): 955-969. Meng Xiangfeng, Sun Fengchun, Lin Cheng, et al. Cycle life prediction of power battery[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 33(11): 955-969. [22] 钟银燕. 我国智能微电网项目一览[N]. 中国能源报, 2012-11-26(5).
2014, Vol. 29 
