面向多元负荷和优质供电的虚拟增容配电变压器：概念、应用与展望

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231498

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Abstract

Incorporating distributed renewable energy sources, flexible nonlinear loads, and power electronic devices into distribution networks has led to an increasingly complex grid structure, accompanied by a multi-tiered growth trend in electricity demand levels. Traditional distribution grids face challenges such as transformer capacity-load ratio imbalance, declining power quality, and insufficient transmission capacity. As the "heart" of the distribution grid, distribution transformers face increasingly formidable challenges in enhancing the adaptability to diverse loads and ensuring power quality. Simultaneously, the scalable application of energy storage technology and the trend toward intelligent grids provided opportunities for upgrading distribution transformers. Therefore, the paper proposed a new concept: the "virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformer". This concept involves merging energy storage and distribution transformers to enhance the reliability and controllability of distribution grids.
Firstly, for a systematically review of the advantages and disadvantages, similarities and differences of existing distribution transformers in terms of technology and economy, this paper extensively examined distribution transformers targeting diverse loads and ensuring high-quality power supply. The former includes loaded-capacity/voltage control distribution transformers and the self-adaptive distribution transformer. The latter encompasses distribution transformers integrated with reactive power compensation (filtering), hybrid distribution transformers, and power electronic distribution transformers. Each of the mentioned distribution transformers has its own suitable scenarios, advantages, and disadvantages, yet all of them are passive devices, unable to meet the demands of distributed renewable energy integration and bidirectional power regulation within distribution networks.
Therefore, the paper proposed using existing distribution transformers as a hardware foundation, upgrading them into active components by integrating them with energy storage systems (ESS). It is worth noting that this is a non-exclusive exploratory attempt. This fusion empowers distribution transformers to expand power distribution capabilities through energy storage, facilitating emergency support and smoothing new energy output. The paper delved into the topology, functional architecture, application scenarios, and key implementation technologies of this integration.
Compared to traditional distribution transformers, the proposed virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers have practical significance in scenarios such as delaying traditional equipment upgrades, integrated control, enhancing renewable energy integration, and providing diverse auxiliary services. Among them, diversified auxiliary services include the following four types: assisting the main grid in frequency and peak regulation, balancing loads to optimize the distribution of tidal flows, buffering emergency faults, and serving as backup emergency power sources. To facilitate a systematic technical study at the system level, this paper also summarized three key implementation technologies in terms of model construction, control strategies, and collaborative planning. These include building a multi-time scale state-space model, implementing proactive prevention and emergency control strategies for enhanced resilience, and employing life balance technology based on the full lifecycle model of internal components.
In conclusion, virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers aim to achieve deep integration and collaborative optimization of energy storage technology and distribution transformers. They align with the evolving outlook of future intelligent grids, tapping into the potential of existing distribution transformers in reliable power supply, security assurance, regional interconnection, load regulation, power source control, dynamic capacity expansion, and efficient utilization of aging equipment. Research on the planning, operation, and control of virtual capacity-enhanced distribution transformers is of guiding significance. It can accelerate the construction of flexible distribution grids adaptable to rapid renewable energy development, promote energy storage deployment and demand response, foster digital transformation and intelligent control, and facilitate dynamic capacity expansion and efficient utilization of existing equipment.

Key words： Virtual capacity-enhancement distribution transformers energy storage smart distribution network

Received: 11 September 2023

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TM421

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	Guo Yingfei
	Chi Yuan
	Wang Qianggang
	Zhou Niancheng
	Luo Yongjie
	Ye Jia

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Guo Yingfei,Chi Yuan,Wang Qianggang等. Virtual Capacity-Enhanced Distribution Transformer for Diverse Loads and Quality Power Supply: Concepts, Applications, and Prospects[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(21): 6666-6686.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231498 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I21/6666

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