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| Shipboard Medium-Voltage DC Integrated Power System Ⅰ: System Architecture and Power Electronic Converter |
| Yang Yayu1,2, Tai Nengling2,3, Huang Wentao2, Ma Jianjun3, Fang Sidun4 |
1. Logistics Engineering College Shanghai Maritime University Shanghai 201306 China;
2. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China;
3. College of Smart Energy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China;
4. School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China |
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Abstract Shipboard integrated power system (IPS) is an important revolution of shipboard power system, which has a cross-era significance. However, with the increasement of the shipboard IPS capacity, the conventional low-voltage level shipboard IPS can hardly meet the power demand of shipboard power equipment. The shipboard medium-voltage DC (MVDC) IPS has the advantages of high power density, high operation efficiency, high operation flexibility and high operation reliability, and thus has received widespread attention in recent years.
As the first part, this paper focuses on the system architecture and power electronic converter of the shipboard MVDC IPS.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the development trends of the shipboard IPS, and makes a comprehensive review of the special system architecture of the shipboard MVDC IPS from the perspectives of topology architecture, voltage level, wire connection type, and grounding mode. (1) Topology architecture. The radial topology is simple, and its system construction cost is low; the zonal topology has high redundancy, good flexibility, and high reliability. (2) Voltage level. With the improvement of shipboard IPS capacity, the voltage level of the shipboard MVDC IPS may reach 24 kV or 30 kV in the future. (3) Wire connection type. Monopole symmetrical connection type is suitable for most shipboard MVDC IPS; for large ship with high power supply reliability requirements, bipolar connection type is better. (4) Grounding mode. For the AC side of the power supply end, the shipboard medium voltage power grid adopts the mode of grounding with large resistor; for the DC side of the load end, the grounding mode of the shipboard MVDC IPS can refer to the grounding mode of the onshore DC microgrid; for the DC side of the power supply end, the mode of grounding with resistors is better.
Then, according to the existing literature, the key power electronic converters in shipboard MVDC IPS, such as the rectifier for generator, the inverter for propulsion motor, and the DC-DC converter, are comprehensive reviewed, and detailed comparisons are made. (1) Rectifier for generator. The diode rectifier has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, no complex control, high reliability, low power loss and small space occupation. The diode rectifier can be used as the rectifier for the shipboard MVDC IPS generator. (2) Inverter for propulsion motor. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has good performance. However, when the MMC for propulsion motor is operating at low speeds (especially with high-torque load), the voltage fluctuates greatly. In comparison, the two-level voltage source converter (VSC) has lower costs, more mature technology, and higher reliability. (3) DC-DC converter. Currently, SiC-based medium voltage DC-DC converters are not commercially available. For three-level/five-level DC-DC converters, the capacitor voltage equalization problem still needs to be studied in the future. The input-series output-parallel (ISOP) DAB and MMC DC-DC converter have strong scalability and fault tolerant operation capability, and they are feasible shipboard MVDC IPS DC-DC converters.
Finally, the typical differences between the shipboard MVDC IPS and the onshore DC microgrid are summarized, and the latest technical standards for shipboard MVDC IPS are sorted out.
As the first part, this paper is the basis for the second part: protection and fault management technology.
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Received: 08 October 2023
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2024, Vol. 39 
