基于电驱系统高频注入的电动汽车电池包快速加热控制算法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231331

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Abstract The development of electric vehicles is significantly hindered by the substantial attenuation of available capacity and power in lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures, primarily due to the issue of lithium precipitation. Applying low-temperature heating to lithium-ion batteries represents an effective strategy for mitigating performance degradation under these circumstances. This paper considers the overall architecture of electric vehicles, wherein a multi-period offset-square-wave injection method is proposed. By injecting direct current and high-frequency voltage into the d-axis of the motor, a bipolar alternating current is induced in the battery bus, resulting in Joule heating through the battery’s internal resistance to achieve self-heating. The proposed method utilizes the existing hardware structure of the original electric drive system. It incorporates an injection signal into the basic vector control, offering a straightforward implementation approach suitable for all electric vehicles equipped with electric drive systems.
The generation principle of alternating current in the DC bus from injected high frequency is analyzed. The relationship between the injected signal and the excitation current of the DC bus is analyzed. Finally, an experimental platform of a vehicle temperature chamber is introduced, and detailed parameters of the experimental motor and battery are listed.
The results show that the bus excitation current positively correlates with the injected direct current and high-frequency voltage amplitudes. Under the same injected direct current, a larger voltage injected amplitude results in a greater excitation bus current. Conversely, under the same voltage injection amplitude, increasing the injected direct current leads to an amplified excitation bus current. It is observed that an optimal point exists for the injection frequency. In this system, considering the maximum permissible root mean square (RMS) value of the high-voltage cable and the temperature rise in the electric motor, the injected direct current amplitude is set at -350 A, and the amplitude of the high-frequency square wave voltage is restricted to 25% of the maximum linear modulation voltage. The optimal frequency of 1.66 kHz has been determined. Consequently, the DC bus can generate an alternating current of 300 A RMS. The battery pack can be heated from -20° to -10° in 442 s with a temperature rise of 1.36°/min, significantly higher than traditional heating-film type external heating methods. In addition, the paper also examines the impact of temperature-induced changes in battery internal resistance on excitation current variations. The optimal operating point remains unaffected by changes in battery internal resistance, and an increase in temperature leads to a reduction in battery resistance and an increase in excitation current. Such an effect can partially mitigate the decreased battery self-heating capacity caused by reduced internal resistance.
To sum up, the proposed battery self-heating method can seamlessly integrate into the field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm of electric drives in software implementation without changes to the system structure. Current close-loop control throughout the entire operational process ensures that the electric machinere mains torque-free during idle conditions and effectively maintains a vehicle standstill.

Key words： Electric vehicles battery self-heating method high frequency injection permanent magnet synchronous motor low temperature environment

Received: 14 August 2023

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	Ji Feifan
	Chen Zihao
	Li Yanjun

Cite this article:

Ji Feifan,Chen Zihao,Li Yanjun. Motor Drive System Based Battery Self-Heating for Electric Vehicles Using High Frequency Injection Frame[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(20): 6316-6327.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231331 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2024/V39/I20/6316

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