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| High Speed Switching-Linear Hybrid Followed-Up Pulse Load DC Converter Based on GaN Device |
| Fan Jingxuan, Shi Jianan, Xu Ziliang, Ren Xiaoyong, Chen Qianhong |
| Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Energy Generation and Power Conversion Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China |
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Abstract Active phased array radar is a new type of solid-state radar, which has the characteristics of multi-function, multi-target, and high reliability. Each antenna unit is equipped with a transmitting/receiving module (TR module) in active phased array radar. The TR module operates in pulse load mode, requiring a constant voltage and pulse current. The TR module of phased array radar is characterized by a high pulse current slew rate and a high pulse repetition frequency of more than 20 kHz. It needs high requirements on the load dynamic performance of the pulse power supply.
In order to meet the increasing pulse repetition frequency and pulse current slew rate of the TR module, this paper proposes a switching-linear hybrid method for the application of high-frequency pulse load. The switching-linear parallel system is built based on theoretical analysis. A 1 MHz interleaving parallel synchronous rectifier Buck converter based on the GaN device, and a bidirectional high-speed linear circuit are used in parallel. The method combines high dynamic response speed of the linear circuit and high conversion efficiency of the switching circuit. The power supply performance of a high di/dt pulse load is effectively improved without sacrificing the system efficiency and power density.
The switching-linear hybrid structure and parallel control strategy of pulse power supply are proposed. In order to achieve the high load dynamic response speed, the output impedance characteristics of the linear circuit in each spectrum are explained based on the method of device-level modeling. The operational amplifier compensator of the linear circuit is designed specifically, and the bandwidth is configured at 5 MHz. It effectively improves the loop bandwidth of the linear voltage regulator circuit to perform fast power tracking. With the improvement of dynamic performance, the quality of the pulse waveform is improved by the correction of the upper and lower edges of the pulse current. In order to achieve high system efficiency, a wide band gap device: GaN EPC2031, is used to increase the switching frequency to 1 MHz. By increasing the switching frequency, the filter inductance is reduced to 680 nH to efficiently provide the main pulse power at a fast speed. Based on the dynamic loop modeling method of the parallel system, the power ratio of the switching circuit in the whole power system is improved. The linear circuit only operates in the transient load mutation moment, and the switching circuit provides main power during the pulse holding period. In this way, the efficiency of the entire power system is effectively optimized.
Regarding the high-frequency radar pulse load with a repetition frequency of 50 kHz, mutation current of 15 A, and peak power of 120 W, this paper establishes a principle prototype of the pulse power supply with the pulse current rise and fall time within 50 ns. The output voltage drop is less than 5%. Compared with the mentioned interleaving parallel Buck converter, the dynamic response speed is increased 5 times, and the voltage drop is reduced by 57% under the switching-linear hybrid structure. This scheme avoids filling large capacitors on the output side and uses only a 60 μF patch capacitor as the energy storage capacitor.
The experimental results show that the pulse power supply based on this architecture can effectively track the ultra-fast load mutation. The volume and cost of the passive components in the pulse load converter are reduced, thus increasing the power density. It can significantly improve the dynamic response capability of the pulse power supply and increase the power supply stability of the pulse load.
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Received: 03 January 2023
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2024, Vol. 39 
