电动汽车用永磁电机的失磁空间分布特性及影响因素研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230533

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Abstract

High performance Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials commonly used in permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles are prone to irreversible demagnetization under high temperature and strong magnetic field. It has become the main bottleneck of high reliability design of permanent magnet drive motor. The cavity structure and cooling method of permanent magnet synchronous motor determine the spatial distribution differences of the working temperature of the permanent magnet. In order to study effective methods for preventing demagnetization faults in permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is necessary to accurately calculate the demagnetization spatial distribution characteristics of permanent magnets and understand their influencing factors.
To solve the local demagnetization problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor, this paper establishes a permanent magnet local demagnetization analysis model based on its magnetic characteristics parameters, working temperature, spatial position and other variables by using the permanent magnet virtual partitioning method. The spatial distribution and influencing factors of local demagnetization of permanent magnet synchronous motor are studied by using the three-dimensional and multi-physical field calculation method with two-way coupling of electromagnetic field and temperature field. Finally, the accuracy of the analysis method and results is verified by testing the permanent magnet operating temperature, the magnetic field distribution on the rotor and the motor performance of 115 kW-8poles permanent magnet synchronous motor prototype.
Simulation results show that, when the demagnetization current are 600A, 800A, and 900A, and the demagnetization current angle is 90°, the maximum demagnetization rate of the permanent magnet is 13.44%, 45.37%, and 62.13%, respectively. When the demagnetization current is 800A and the demagnetization current angles are 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 °, the maximum demagnetization rates of the permanent magnet are 1.7%, 19.49%, 34.79%, and 45.37%, respectively. The maximum difference in the spatial distribution of the working temperature of the permanent magnet reaches 36 ℃. After the demagnetization fault occurred, the value of the no-load back electromotive decreased from 175.2V to 110.16V. The torque value decreased from 146.15N.m to 115.6N.m. The experimental results show that the working temperature difference at different positions of the same permanent magnet reaches 23℃. The temperature difference at the same position of different permanent magnets in the same pole permanent magnet reaches 35℃. The maximum deviation between the simulation and actual measurement of the no-load back electromotive is 4.97%. The maximum deviation between the simulation and actual measurement of the output torque is 5.28%. There is little difference between simulation and actual measurement results, it proves that the research method proposed in this paper is accurate and effective.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis and test results :(1): The spatial distribution of demagnetization of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is obviously uneven. (2): When the motor actually malfunctions, there may be a situation where the entire motor only experiences slight demagnetization, but the local position of the permanent magnet has already experienced severe demagnetization. (3): The distribution of demagnetization of permanent magnet is affected by the working temperature, the amplitude and angle of the demagnetizing current. (4):The no-load back electromotive force and output torque can be used to evaluate the impact of demagnetization faults on the no-load and load characteristics of the motor.

Key words： permanent magnet synchronous motor Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet local demagnetization multi-physical field coupling demagnetization effect space distribution

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TM302

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	Cui Gang
	Xiong Bin
	Huang Kangjie
	Li Zhenguo
	Ruan Lin

Cite this article:

Cui Gang,Xiong Bin,Huang Kangjie等. Study on spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of demagnetization of permanent magnet motor for electric vehicle[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9024-24.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230533 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y0/V/I/9024

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