具有LC串联补偿拓扑结构的无线充电系统的约束效率优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222371

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (1451 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

The intensive development of electric vehicles contributes to the advancement of charging systems for their batteries. One of the promising areas is wireless charging systems based on inductive power transfer. When developing such a wireless charging system, there is an issue of maximizing its efficiency where a major affecting factor is parameter optimization primarily the relation between inductances and capacitances of a resonant circuit of the wireless charging system.
This research is aimed at constraint efficiency optimization of wireless charging systems with LC-series compensating topology at a given resonant frequency and a given distance between transmitting and receiving coils. The constraints reflect dimensional restrictions on coils, required transferred power under an input voltage limit, and excess voltages on components. To reach the goal, the mathematical model of this system is used that assumes load as active resistance, no losses besides the ohm one, and the idealized inverter, rectifier, and power supply. Formulated in terms of the model the optimization criteria include the following four components: 1) the efficiency function ξ₁ to be maximized; 2) the constraint function ξ₂ determining the amount of transferred power to be lower limited; 3) and 4) the constraint functions ξ₃ and ξ₄ determining the excess voltage on the primary side capacitor and the secondary side capacitor respectively that to be upper limited. Using a frequency domain, the dependencies describing each component of the optimization criteria on the resonant circuit parameters of the wireless charging systems have been established. But the complexity of these dependencies has appeared to be too high to analytically reach the optimal solution. To circumvent this difficulty part of the resonant circuit parameters are thought of as constants in the given circumstance and are discarded. Next using Chebyshev polynomial approximation by the least-squares method, the dependencies between the rest of the parameters are obtained and these parameters in the description of the optimization criteria components are reduced to the coil inductance L. Further the dependencies ξ₁(L)-ξ₄(L) are compared with their boundary conditions. Thus, the resonant circuit parameters indicating the optimization criteria fulfillment have been theoretically obtained.
The presented constrained efficiency optimization has been experimentally validated using the specially-made wireless charging system for the electric truck ET-20132. To make the comparison between the experiments and the theory more adequate, some losses have additionally been estimated and considered. They are losses caused by the skin effect and losses in the transistors at the high-frequency inverter, in the diodes at the high-voltage bridge rectifier, and in the control schemes. The experiments vs theory comparison has shown their good convergence at the resonant frequency 91.3 kHz and acceptable deviations exteriorly the resonant frequency (the approximate frequency range less than 88 kHz and more than 96 kHz). The wireless charging system normally operates at the frequency range from 91.3 kHz up to 92.5 kHz where the experimental load current is convergent with the model which means all the required amount of power will be transferred. The smallest average experiments vs theory deviations are seen for voltages on the primary side capacitor and the secondary side capacitor, but these experimental values are mostly higher than in the model. The most sufficient experiments vs theory deviations are at the efficiency, and they are caused by the assumptions made in the mathematical model. However, the experimentally proven efficiency is 91%.

Key words： Electric vehicle wireless charging system resonant magnetic circuit LC-series compensation constrained efficiency optimization transfer function parameters approximation

Received: 28 December 2022

PACS:

TM724

Fund:

The research was supported by the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (№ 075-03-2021-138/3).

Corresponding Authors: Irina Semykina born in 1984, USSR. She graduated from Kuzbass State Technical University in 2005 and received DSc. in Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems from Tomsk Polytechnic University in 2014. Her scientific interests include energy saving, electrical equipment, automation, control of complex dynamic systems, and electrical engineering. E-mail: arinasemykina@gmail.com

About author:: Valery Zavyalov born in 1974, USSR. He received his PhD. in 2003 and DSc. in 2009 degrees in Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems from Kuzbass State Technical University. His area of scientific interests includes control of electromechanical transformation of energy, identification of parameters and condition of electric drives, dynamic loadings decrease in mechanical transfers by means of the adjustable electric drive; spatial electric drives in robotics and electric vehicles. E-mail: VMZavyalov@sevsu.ru

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222371 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y0/V/I/9006

[1] Lee H, Clark A.Charging the future: challenges and opportunities for electric vehicle adoption[J]. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018, 96(5): 779-795.
[2] Sanguesa J A, Torres-Sanz V, Garrido P, et al.A review on electric vehicles: technologies and challenges[J]. Smart Cities, 2021, 4(1): 372-404.
[3] 李阳, 石少博, 刘雪莉, 等. 磁场耦合式无线电能传输耦合机构综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊2): 389-403.
Li Yang, Shi Shaobo, Liu Xueli, et al.Overview of magnetic coupling mechanism for wireless power transfer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S2): 389-403.
[4] Foote A, Onar O C.A review of high-power wireless power transfer[C]//2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Chicago, IL, USA, 2017: 234-240.
[5] Omer C Onar, Larry Seiber, Cliff White, et al.Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles[M] Oak Ridge: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 2016.
[6] Zhang Bo, Carlson R B, Smart J G, et al.Challenges of future high power wireless power transfer for light-duty electric vehicles: technology and risk management[J]. eTransportation, 2019, 2: 100012.
[7] Kurs A, Karalis A, Moffatt R, et al.Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances[J]. Science, 2007, 317(5834): 83-86.
[8] Diekhans T, De Doncker R W. A dual-side controlled inductive power transfer system optimized for large coupling factor variations and partial load[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6320-6328.
[9] Zhang Jianzhong, Zhao Jin, Zhang Yaqian, et al.A wireless power transfer system with dual switch-controlled capacitors for efficiency optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020, 35(6): 6091-6101.
[10] Bandyopadhyay S, Venugopal P, Dong Jianning, et al.Comparison of magnetic couplers for IPT-based EV charging using multi-objective optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(6): 5416-5429.
[11] Otomo Y, Igarashi H.A 3-D topology optimization of magnetic cores for wireless power transfer device[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2019, 55(6): 1-5.
[12] Hariri A, Elsayed A, Mohammed O A.An integrated characterization model and multiobjective optimization for the design of an EV charger's circular wireless power transfer pads[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(6): 1-4.
[13] Gao Pengfei, Tian Zijian, Pan Tao, et al.Transmission efficiency analysis and optimization of magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer system with misalignments[J]. AIP Advances, 2018, 8(8): 1-10.
[14] Huang Wei, Ku H.Analysis and optimization of wireless power transfer efficiency considering the tilt angle of a coil[J]. Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science, 2018, 18(1): 13-19.
[15] Kim Y H, Kang S Y, Lee M L, et al.Optimization of wireless power transmission through resonant coupling[C]//2009 Compatibility and Power Electronics, Badajoz, 2009: 426-431.
[16] Orekan T, Zhang Peng, Shih C.Analysis, design, and maximum power-efficiency tracking for undersea wireless power transfer[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2018, 6(2): 843-854.
[17] Ishida H, Furukawa H, Kyoden T.Development of design methodology for 60Hz wireless power transmission system[J]. IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications, 2016, 5(6): 429-438.
[18] Yan Yixin, Shi Wan, Zhang Xiaobing.Design of UAV wireless power transmission system based on coupling coil structure optimization[J].EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2020, 2020(1): 1-13.
[19] Yildiriz E, Kemer S B, Bayraktar M.IPT design with optimal use of spiral rectangular coils for wireless charging of e-tricycle scooters[J]. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2022, 33: 101082.
[20] 张献, 杨庆新, 崔玉龙, 等. 大功率无线电能传输系统能量发射线圈设计、优化与验证[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(10):12-18.
Zhang Xian, Yang Qingxin, Cui Yulong, et al.Design optimization and verification on the power transmitting coil in the high-power wireless power transmission system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(10): 12-18.
[21] Borong Hu, Li Ran.High Efficiency with Multi Load Wireless Power Transmission[C]//International Russian-Sino Student Competition, Perm, Russia, 2015: 148-159.
[22] Truong B D, Andersen E, Casados C, et al.Magnetoelectric wireless power transfer for biomedical implants: effects of non-uniform magnetic field, alignment and orientation[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2020, 316: 112269.
[23] Zheng Zhongjiu, Wang Ning, Ahmed S.Maximum efficiency tracking control of underwater wireless power transfer system using artificial neural networks[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, 2021, 235(10): 1819-1829.
[24] Zavylov V M, Semykina I, Abeidulin S A, et al.Criteria for choosing of resonant circuit parameters of wireless power transfer charging system[J]. Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2022, 18: 2236.
[25] Chaurasia D, Ahirwar S.An optimal parameter estimation technique for wireless electricity transmission[J]. Advances in Electronic and Electric Engineering, 2013, 3(1): 1-9.
[26] 程鹏天, 王健强, 杜秀. 电动汽车感应耦合充电系统一种新型拓扑的研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(增刊2): 86-91.
Cheng Pengtian, Wang Jianqiang, Du Xiu.Investigation of a novel topology for inductively coupled charging system in electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(S2): 86-91.
[27] Zhang Wei, Mi C C.Compensation topologies of high-power wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2016, 65(6): 4768-4778.
[28] Jayalath S, Khan A.Design, challenges, and trends of inductive power transfer couplers for electric vehicles: a review[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2021, 9(5): 6196-6218.
[29] Shevchenko V, Husev O, Strzelecki R, et al.Compensation topologies in IPT systems: standards, requirements, classification, analysis, comparison and application[J]. IEEE Access, 2019, 7: 120559-120580.
[30] Panchal C, Stegen S, Lu Junwei.Review of static and dynamic wireless electric vehicle charging system[J]. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 2018, 21(5): 922-937.
[31] SAE J2954 Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-in/Electric Vehicles and Alignment Methodology[S]
[32] Kalantarov P L, Zeitlin L A.Calculation of inductances[M] Leningrad: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad branch, 1986.