Constrained Efficiency Optimization for the Wireless Charging System with LC-Series Compensating Topology
Valery Zavyalov1, Irina Semykina1,2, Evgeny Dubkov1, Amet-Khan Velilyaev1, Amr Refky3
1. Institute of Nuclear Energy and Industry Sevastopol State University Sevastopol 299053 Russia; 2. Mining Industry Digital Transformation Laborotory T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University Kemerovo 650000 Russia; 3. Faculty of Engineering Al-Azhar University Cairo 4391064 Egypt
Abstract The intensive development of electric vehicles contributes to advancing battery charging systems. One of the promising areas is wireless charging systems based on inductive power transfer. However, parameter optimization of the resonant circuit’s inductances and capacitances can affect the wireless charging system’s efficiency. This paper aims to optimize the constraint efficiency of wireless charging systems with LC-series compensating topology at a given resonant frequency and a given distance between transmitting and receiving coils. The constraints reflect dimensional restrictions on coils, ensuring transferred power is within an input voltage limit and limiting excess voltages on components. A mathematical model is used that assumes load as active resistance, no loss besides the ohm one, and the idealized inverter, rectifier, and power supply. The optimization criteria include four components: (1) the efficiency function ξ1 to be maximized; (2) the constraint function ξ2 determining the amount of transferred power to be lower limited; (3) and (4) the constraint functions ξ3 and ξ4 determining the excess voltage on the primary and secondary capacitors that to be upper limited. The dependencies are established using a frequency domain to describe each component of the optimization criteria on the resonant circuit parameters of the wireless charging systems. Due to complexity, some resonant circuit parameters are treated as constants in the given circumstance and discarded. Next, the dependencies between the rest of the parameters are obtained using Chebyshev polynomial approximation through the least-squares method, reducing the parameters to the coil inductance L. Moreover, the dependencies ξ1(L)~ξ4(L) are compared with their boundary conditions. Thus, the resonant circuit parameters that fulfill optimization criteria are theoretically obtained. The presented constrained efficiency optimization is validated using the specially-made wireless charging system for the electric truck ET-20132. Addressing various sources of loss, including those caused by the skin effect, transistors in the high-frequency inverter, diodes in the high-voltage bridge rectifier, and control schemes, is considered. Comparison of experiments and theoretical analysis shows good convergence at the resonant frequency 91.3 kHz, with acceptable deviations beyond the frequency range (approximately below 88 kHz and beyond 96 kHz). The wireless charging system normally operates within the frequency range of 91.3 kHz to 92.5 kHz, where the experimental load current closely aligns with the model, indicating that all the required power is transferred. Minimal average deviations between experiments and theoretical analysis are voltages on the primary and secondary side capacitors. The experimental results generally exceed model predictions. The efficiency can reach 91%.
Corresponding Authors:
Irina Semykina female, born in 1984, USSR. She graduated from Kuzbass State Technical University in 2005 and received DSc. in Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems from Tomsk Polytechnic University in 2014. Her scientific interests include energy saving, electrical equipment, automation, control of complex dynamic systems, and electrical engineering. E-mail: arinasemykina@gmail.com
About author:: Valery Zavyalov male, born in 1974, USSR. He received his PhD. in 2003 and DSc. in 2009 degrees in Electrotechnical Complexes and Systems from Kuzbass State Technical University. His area of scientific interests includes control of electromechanical trans- formation of energy, identification of parameters and condition of electric drives, dynamic loadings decrease in mechanical transfers by means of the adjustable electric drive; spatial electric drives in robotics and electric vehicles. E-mail: VMZavyalov@sevsu.ru
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