计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容主动快速放电方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222284

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Abstract

When electric vehicles(EVs) encounter an emergency, the dc-bus voltage of EVs equipped with high voltage drive system needs to be reduced to safe voltage(60V) as soon as possible. In order to drop the dc-bus capacitor voltage to safe voltage, winding-based active discharge method was proposed. However, traditional active discharge based on PI controller suffered from the problems of poor robustness, long discharge time and low safety, which cannot meet the discharge requirements of United Nation Vehicle Regulation ECCE R94. Motivated by the above issues of traditional active discharge method, this paper proposes an active discharge method for EVs with total power loss. It not only reduces the discharge time, but also has strong robustness compared with conventional discharge method.
Firstly, to reduce the dc-bus voltage to safe voltage, the d-axis weaken current is calculated based on the permanent magnet synchronous motor winding as the bleeding resistor. Then, the traditional active discharge method based on PI controller is analyzed. Secondly, the dc-bus capacitor energy flow model with the permanent magnet synchronous motor winding as the bleeding resistor is established. More importantly, the extended sliding mode observer(ESMO) is introduced to address the problem of long discharge time and poor robustness. The ESMO can observer the total loss, which consist of inverter loss, motor winding copper consumption, motor inductance energy storage and other losses. The stability of ESMO is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, observed total discharge loss can be feedforward compensated by the designed control law. Compared with the conventional discharge method, the influence of the change of total loss power and motor speed on the dc-bus capacitor voltage is well suppressed, and the dc-bus capacitor voltage and motor speed are decoupled in the proposed strategy.
Experimental results show that, the dc-bus voltage of the proposed method drops to safe voltage within 0.2s , which is faster than traditional active discharge method-based PI controller(1.2s) and disturbance observer(0.3s). In contrast with the active discharge method-based disturbance observer, the discharge time is shorter because of the convergence rate is faster than disturbance observer. In order to verify the robustness of the proposed method, the experiment with parameters mismatch is conducted, which proved that the parameters error can be observed by the ESMO and compensated. Furthermore, the power density and reliability of electric vehicle drive system are further improved by eliminating the complicated drain circuit.
The following conclusions can be obtained: 1) The traditional discharge method-based PI controller has the problem that the steady-state operating point changed with the motor speed, which could not meet the requirements of fast and safe discharge of the dc-bus capacitor in emergency situations. 2) The discharge model with PMSM winding as the bleeding resistor is established, the relationship between the dc-bus capacitor voltage and the total power loss of the system is deduced. Moreover, the observed total loss of the system can be feedforward compensated in the proposed discharge method, which effectively suppressed the voltage pulsation when the dc-bus voltage reduces to the safe voltage. Hence, the discharge time is short and the robustness and safety of the system are improved. 3) The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method for electric vehicle with total power loss estimation has the advantages of strong robustness , high safety, strong practicability and engineering application value.

Key words： Electric car permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) estimated total power loss extended sliding mode observer dc-bus capacitor discharge

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TM351

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	Zhang Xiaojun
	Yang Jiaqiang
	Zhou Yuchen

Cite this article:

Zhang Xiaojun,Yang Jiaqiang,Zhou Yuchen. Active fast discharge method of bus capacitor for electric vehicle with total power loss[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 8918-.

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