电-磁-机-声多场边界下的超磁致伸缩Ⅳ型弯张换能器设计方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220702

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (5021 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract Class Ⅳ giant magnetostrictive flextensional transducer (GMFT) is an effective equipment to realize high-power and low-frequency underwater acoustic emission, which has broad application prospects in the fields of underwater long-distance detection and communication. However, many parameters and boundaries affect the output performance of GMFT, the electromagnetic parameter limit of giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D), the cavitation boundary of the transducer shell, and the limit stress boundary are important limiting conditions for improving the radiated sound power of Class Ⅳ GMFT at the target depth. It is necessary to quickly establish the relationship among parameters, output frequency, and sound source level, thereby obtaining the design scheme. Therefore, combined with the finite element design method (FEM) and the Box-Behnken response surface method, an optimization design method of Class Ⅳ GMFT is proposed considering electrical-magnetic-mechanical-acoustic multi-field boundaries.
Firstly, the number of vibrating rods is determined according to the target frequency f₀, the target sound source level SL, and the electromagnetic parameter limits of Terfenol-D. Secondly, to reduce the eddy current loss and improve the uniformity of the magnetic field, an efficient magnetic loop structure is designed, and an efficient bar cutting method is proposed. The FEM results show that the mean value increases by 22 %, and the non-uniformity decreases by 32 %. Thirdly, the range of shell structural parameters is determined according to the magnetic loop structure and cavitation threshold area under the target water depth. Finally, taking the shell semi-minor axis length b, shell thickness e, and shell height h as the optimization variables and frequency and sound source level as the optimization objectives, the Box-Behnken response surface model is built based on FEM. It shows that the frequency increases with the increase of b and e and the decrease of h. When the frequency is within 5 % of the target frequency, the sound source level is greater than the target SL, and the maximum principal stress does not exceed the yield stress limit. The optimized structural parameters meet the design requirements and can be adopted as the final design scheme.
A prototype of Class Ⅳ GMFT with the optimized shell structural parameters is developed, and a lake experimental platform is built. The experimental results show that the transducer's resonant frequency is 480 Hz, and the maximum sound source level reaches 206 dB under the target water depth of 40 m. There is no “frequency doubling phenomenon” caused by improper design of bias magnetic field and no nonlinear problem caused by cavitation, which verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed optimal design method.
In conclusion, the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed optimization design method can quickly obtain the relationship among the structural parameters, the frequency, and the sound source level. Thus, the optimal design scheme is obtained in line with the electro-magnetic-mechanic-acoustic boundary conditions and the design objectives, greatly reducing the development and testing cost and shortening the development cycle.

Key words： Magnetostrictive flextensional transducer optimal design cavitation boundary stress limit

Received: 06 May 2022

PACS:	TM271
	TB565

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Ning Qian
	Li Qiao
	Gao Bing
	Zhao Nengtong
	Luo An

Cite this article:

Ning Qian,Li Qiao,Gao Bing等. Design of Giant Magnetostrictive Class Ⅳ Flextensional Transducer Under Electrical-Magnetic-Mechanical-Acoustic Multi-Field Boundaries[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(12): 3112-3121.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220702 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2023/V38/I12/3112

[1] Zhou Tianfang, Lan Yu, Zhang Qicheng, et al.A conformal driving class IV flextensional transducer[J]. Sensors, 2018, 18(7): 2102.
[2] Savoia A S, Mauti B, Caliano G.A low frequency broadband flextensional ultrasonic transducer array[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control, 2016, 63(1): 128-138.
[3] Guo Rongjing, Li Shiyang, Li Tangan, et al.Analysis and design of low frequency and high power flextensional transducer with double-grooves[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2019, 149: 25-31.
[4] Moffett M B, Clark A E, Wun-Fogle M, et al.Charac-terization of Terfenol-D for magnetostrictive trans-ducers[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1991, 89(3): 1448-1455.
[5] Rusby J S M. The onset of sound wave distortion and cavitation in water and sea water[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1970, 13(3): 257-267.
[6] Yang Mingzhi, Yang Xin, Wei Yanfei, et al.SPICE modeling of a high-power Terfenol-D transducer considering losses and magnetic flux leakage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Fre-quency Control, 2022, 69(2): 812-822.
[7] Pyo S, Lim Y, Roh Y.Analysis of the transmitting characteristics of an acoustic conformal array of multimode tonpilz transducers by the equivalent circuit method[J]. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 2021, 318: 112507.
[8] Brigham G A.Analysis of the class-IV flextensional transducer by use of wave mechanics[J]. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 1974, 56(1): 31-39.
[9] Lam Y W.Mathematical model of a class IV flex-tensional transducer and its numerical solution[J]. Applied Acoustics, 1992, 36(2): 123-144.
[10] 赵能桐, 杨鑫, 陈钰凯, 等. 考虑超磁致伸缩材料非均匀性的大功率电声换能器阻抗特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(10): 1999-2006.
Zhao Nengtong, Yang Xin, Chen Yukai, et al.The impedance characteristics of high power electro-acoustic transducer considering the inhomogeneity of giant magnetostrictive material[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(10): 1999-2006.
[11] Wang Liang, Hofmann V, Bai Fushi, et al.Modeling of coupled longitudinal and bending vibrations in a sandwich type piezoelectric transducer utilizing the transfer matrix method[J]. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2018, 108: 216-237.
[12] Kurt P, Sansal M, Tatar İ, et al.Vibro-acoustic design, manufacturing and characterization of a tonpilz-type transducer[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2019, 150: 27-35.
[13] Chen Si, Lan Yu, Zhu Z.The study of broadband flextensional transducer[J]. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2013, 8768:87685L.
[14] 蓝宇, 王文芝, 王智元, 等. IV弯张换能器的有限元法应力分析[J]. 哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2001, 22(3): 33-36, 2.
Lan Yu, Wang Wenzhi, Wang Zhiyuan, et al.Stress analysis of class IV flextensional transducers by FEM[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering Universtity, 2001, 22(3): 33-36, 2.
[15] 翁玲, 曹晓宁, 胡秀玉, 等. 双线圈铁镓合金换能器的输出特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(19): 4476-4485.
Weng Ling, Cao Xiaoning, Hu Xiuyu, et al.Output characteristics of double coil Fe-Ga alloy trans-ducer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(19): 4476-4485.
[16] 杜杲娴, 杨鑫, 韦艳飞, 等. 稀土超磁致伸缩棒材特性测试平台优化与实验研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(18): 3867-3875.
Du Gaoxian, Yang Xin, Wei Yanfei, et al.Optimi-zation and experimental research on the test platform of rare-earth gaint magnetostrictive rod characteri-stics[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(18): 3867-3875.
[17] Huang Wenmei, Song Guiying, Sun Ying, et al.Numerical dynamic strong coupled model of linear magnetostrictive actuators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Magnetics, 2012, 48(2): 391-394.
[18] 李宽, 蓝宇. 稀土IV型弯张换能器研究[J]. 声学技术, 2015, 34(5): 467-471.
Li Kuan, Lan Yu.Research of a class IV rare-earth flextensional transducer[J]. Technical Acoustics, 2015, 34(5): 467-471.
[19] 刘永平, 莫喜平, 柴勇, 等. 双壳嵌套鱼唇式弯张换能器[J]. 声学学报, 2019, 44(6): 1060-1067.
Liu Yongping, Mo Xiping, Chai Yong, et al.Fish-mouth flextensional transducer with nested double shells[J]. Acta Acustica, 2019, 44(6): 1060-1067.
[20] Moosad K P B, Chandrashekar G, Joseph M J, et al. Class IV flextensional transducer with a reflector[J]. Applied Acoustics, 2011, 72(2/3): 127-131.
[21] 赵玫, 于帅, 邹海林, 等. 聚磁式横向磁通永磁直线电机的多目标优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(17): 3730-3740.
Zhao Mei, Yu Shuai, Zou Hailin, et al.Multi-objective optimization of transverse flux permanent magnet linear machine with the concentrated flux mover[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(17): 3730-3740.
[22] 李祥林, 李金阳, 杨光勇, 等. 电励磁双定子场调制电机的多目标优化设计分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(5): 972-982.
Li Xianglin, Li Jinyang, Yang Guangyong, et al.Multi-objective optimization analysis of electric-excitation double-stator field-modulated machine[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(5): 972-982.
[23] Zhao Wenxiang, Ma Anqi, Ji Jinghua, et al.Multi-objective optimization of a double-side linear vernier PM motor using response surface method and differ-ential evolution[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2020, 67(1): 80-90.
[24] 唐昭晖, 许志红. 基于响应面法的交流接触器弹簧系统优化设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(2): 515-527.
Tang Zhaohui, Xu Zhihong.Optimal design method for AC contactor spring system based on response surface method[J]. Transactions of China Electro-technical Society, 2022, 37(2): 515-527.
[25] Teng Duo, Li Yatian.Finite element solutions for magnetic field problems in Terfenol-D transducers[J]. Sensors, 2020, 20(10): 2808.
[26] Aykut Şahin.Barrel-stave flextensional transducer design[D]. Ankara: Bilkent University, 2009.
[27] GB/T7967-2002 声学-水声发射器的大功率特性和测量[S]. 2002.