|
|
Dynamic Power Distribution Method of PV-Based Battery Switch Stations Considering Battery Reservation |
Chen Zheng, Liu Nian, Lu Xinyi, Xiao Xiangning, Zhang Jianhua |
State Key Laboratory for Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206 China |
|
|
Abstract Power distribution method is the key issue of PV-based battery switch stations(BSS). This paper first introduces the system structure of PV-based BSS and the functional model of basic units. In order to evaluate system operating performance, indicators such as battery swap service availability and renewable energy utilization ratio are established. On this basis, the dynamic power distribution method of PV-based BSS considering battery reservation is proposed. For one aspect, by introducing the prediction results of short-term battery swap demand, battery swap service model is established. For another, the power distribution model is given according to the available batteries and PV power in a certain period of time. By simulated calculation of a practical PV-based BSS, analysis about the power balance and operating performance indicators demonstrates the rationality and accuracy of these models. Simulation results indicate that on the premise of ensuring battery swap service availability, the proposed method will increase local utilization ratio of PV power effectively. This method will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for optimal operation of BSS in demonstration cities.
|
Received: 29 August 2013
Published: 27 June 2014
|
|
|
|
|
[1] Skarvelis-Kazakos S, Papadopoulos P, Grau I, et al. Carbon optimized virtual power plant with electric vehicles[C]. 2010 IEEE 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), Cardiff, UK, 2010: 1-6. [2] 马钧, 年晨宁. 崇明岛2020年电动汽车可再生能源独立电网的构想[J]. 农业装备与车辆工程, 2011, 2: 1-7. Ma Jun, Nian Chenning. A scheme for renewable grid for EV of 2020 in Chongming island[J]. Agricultural Equipment & Vehicle Engineering, 2011, 2: 1-7. [3] Ahmed Y S, Ganesh K V. Plug-in vehicles and renewable energy sources for cost and emission reductions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2011, 58(4): 1229-1238. [4] Ahmed Y S, Ganesh K V. Resource scheduling under uncertainty in a smart grid with renewables and plug-in vehicles[J]. IEEE Systems Journal, 2012, 6(1): 103-109. [5] 刘晓飞, 张千帆, 崔淑梅. 电动汽车V2G技术综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2012, 27(2): 121-127. Liu Xiaofei, Zhang Qianfan, Cui Shumei. Review of electric vehicle V2G technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2012, 27(2): 121-127. [6] 胡泽春, 宋永华, 徐智威, 等. 电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(4): 1-10. Hu Zechun, Song Yonghua, Xu Zhiwei, et al. Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(4): 1-10. [7] 肖湘宁, 陈征, 刘念. 可再生能源与电动汽车充放电设施在微电网中的集成模式与关键问题[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(2): 1-14. Xiao Xiangning, Chen Zheng, Liu Nian. Integrated mode and key issues of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles’ charging and discharging facilities in microgrid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(2): 1-14. [8] 高赐威, 吴茜. 电动汽车换电模式研究综述[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(4): 891-898. Gao Ciwei, Wu Xi. A survey on battery-swapping mode of electric vehicles[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(4): 891-898. [9] Liu J. Electric vehicle charging infrastructure assignment and power grid impacts assessment in Beijing[J]. Energy Policy, 2012, 51: 544-557. [10] Liu C H, Chau K T, Diao C X, et al. A new DC micro-grid system using renewable energy and electric vehicles for smart energy delivery[C]. 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Lille, France, 2010: 1-6. [11] Lopes J A P, Almeida P M R, Soares F J. Using vehicle-to-grid to maximize the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources in isla nded electric grids[C]. 2009 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power, Capri, 2009: 290-295. [12] Ota Y, Taniguchi H, Nakajima T, et al. Autonomous distributed V2G (vehicle-to-grid) considering charging request and battery condition[C]. 2010 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe(ISGT Europe), Gothenburg, Sweden, 2010: 1-6. [13] 刘念, 唐宵, 段帅, 等. 考虑动力电池梯次利用的光伏换电站容量优化配置方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(4): 34-44. Liu Nian, Tang Xiao, Duan Shuai, et al. Capacity optimization method for PV-based battery swapping stations considering second-use of electric vehicle batteries[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(4): 34-44. [14] 陈征, 肖湘宁, 路欣怡,等. 含光伏发电系统的电动汽车充电站多目标容量优化配置方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28(6): 238-248. Chen Zheng, Xiao Xiangning, Lu Xinyi, et al. Multi- objective optimization for capacity configuration of PV-based electric vehicle charging stations[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28(6): 238-248. [15] Lombardi P, Heuer M, Styczynski Z. Battery switch station as storage system in an autonomous power system: optimization issue[C]. 2010 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, Minneapolis, USA, 2010: 1-6. [16] Takagi M, Iwafune Y, Yamaji K, et al. Economic value of PV energy storage using batteries of battery- switch stations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2013, 4(1): 164-173. [17] 田文奇, 和敬涵, 姜久春, 等. 基于自适应变异粒子群算法的电动汽车换电池站充电调度多目标优化[J]. 电网技术, 2012, 36(11): 25-29. Tian Wenqi, He Jinghan, Jiang Jiuchun, et al. Multi- objective optimization of charging dispatching for electric vehicle battery swapping station based on adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization[J]. Power System Technology, 2012, 36(11): 25-29. [18] 阳岳希, 胡泽春, 宋永华. 电动公交充换电站的优化运行研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(31): 35-42. Yang Yuexi, Hu Zechun, Song Yonghua. Research on optimal operation of battery swapping and charging station for electric buses[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(31): 35-42. [19] 田文奇, 和敬涵, 姜久春, 等. 电动汽车换电站有序充电调度策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2012, 40(21): 114-119. Tian Wenqi, He Jinghan, Jiang Jiuchun, et al. Research on dispatching strategy for coordinated charging of electric vehicle battery swapping station [J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2012, 40(21): 114-119. [20] Armstrong M, El Hajj Moussa C, Adnot J, et al. Optimal recharging strategy for battery-switch stations for electric vehicles in France[J]. Energy Policy, 2013, 60: 569-582. [21] Worley O, Klabjan D. Optimization of battery charging and purchasing at electric vehicle battery swap stations[C]. 2011 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), Chicago, USA, 2011: 1-4. [22] 张昌华, 孟劲松, 曹永兴, 等. 换电模式下电动汽车换电充裕度模型及仿真研究[J]. 电网技术, 2012, 36(9): 15-19. Zhang Changhua, Meng Jingsong, Cao Yongxing, et al. A battery swapping requirement adequacy model for electric vehicles and its simulation research[J]. Power System Technology, 2012, 36(9): 15-19. [23] Li Z, Yu F R, Bin N, et al. Stochastic charging management for plug-in electric vehicles in smart microgrids fueled by renewable energy sources[C]. 2011 IEEE Online Conference on Green Communica- tions (GreenCom), New York, USA, 2011: 7-12. [24] Li Z, Yu F R, Bin N, et al. Optimal charging control for electric vehicles in smart microgrids with renewable energy sources[C]. 2012 IEEE 75th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Yokohama, Japan, 2012: 1-5. [25] Lu J L, Yeh M Y, Hsu Y C, et al. Operating electric taxi fleets: A new dispatching strategy with charging plans[C]. 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEVC), Greenville, USA, 2012: 1-8. [26] Lasnier F, Ang T G. Photovoltaic engineering handbook. Bristol, UK: Adam Hilger, 1990. [27] 罗卓伟, 胡泽春, 宋永华, 等. 电动汽车充电负荷计算方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2011, 35(14): 36-42. Luo Zhuowei, Hu Zechun, Song Yonghua, et al. Study on plug-in electric vehicles charging load calculating [J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2011, 35(14): 36-42. |
|
|
|