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| Adaptive Dynamic Inertia Control of Diesel-Storage Hybrid Systems for Shipboard Low-Frequency Pulsed Loads |
| Zhang Qisheng1, Yu Moduo1, Huang Wentao1, Tai Nengling1, Ding Feng2,3 |
1. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China;
2. Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute Shanghai 200031 China;
3. National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Energy Shanghai 200031 China |
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Abstract In shipboard integrated power systems (SIPS), accurately obtaining the shaft rotational inertia parameters of diesel generators (DGs) during operation presents significant challenges due to influences from the diesel engine unit, the generator set shafting, and control loops. The inertia release mechanism of diesel engines differs fundamentally from the virtual inertia release mechanism employed by energy storage systems. As a result, under pulse load conditions, it is difficult for the virtual inertia of the energy storage converter to accurately match the inertia of the diesel generator, which poses challenges for the design and optimization of energy storage control strategies.
Therefore, instantaneous power variations of high-power pulse loads, such as radar, cause power supply imbalances in the diesel-storage hybrid power supply system. This leads to sustained power oscillations, generates transient active circulating currents, and compromises system stability. To address this issue, this paper establishes a functional relationship between the system power imbalance degree and the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) inertia. The time-domain equations for power sharing between the VSG and DG are analytically derived. Furthermore, the influence of VSG inertia characteristics on the unbalanced power of the diesel-storage hybrid system during pulse load switching is determined. Based on this, an adaptive VSG inertia strategy that tracks pulse load parameters is proposed. This adaptive strategy ensures that the inertia increases adaptively when the pulse load is connected and decreases adaptively when it is disconnected, dynamically matching the shaft rotational inertia of the diesel generator. Ultimately, this achieves the effects of reducing the power imbalance degree and preventing converter overcurrent. The adaptive parameters were tuned, with the parameter tuning range provided. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of parameter variations within this range on the optimization effect of the system power imbalance degree.
The experimental verification and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Multiple sets of low-frequency pulse loads with different duty cycles, periods, and amplitudes were selected in the experiments. The unbalanced power fluctuation range and transient active circulating current of the system were compared before and after implementing the fixed-inertia and adaptive control strategies, validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. By comparing the transient active circulating current values before and after adaptive parameter tuning, the accuracy of the adaptive parameter tuning was verified, and the optimal parameter values within the tuning range were determined. (2) Using the reduction in normalized power imbalance degree as an indicator of optimization effectiveness, and varying pulse frequency and duty cycle, the proposed method exhibits the following characteristics: the lower the pulse frequency, the more significant the optimization effect of the inertia adaptive strategy, and the optimization effect is less affected by the pulse duty cycle. In terms of frequency characteristics, the reduction in unbalanced power primarily occurs at the fundamental frequency of the pulse and its odd harmonic components. (3) Compared to other existing control strategies, the adaptive VSG strategy based on pulse load parameters proposed in this paper features faster response to disturbances, superior actual performance in reducing system power imbalance, and higher realizability. Considering practical engineering scenarios with millisecond-level delays in obtaining pulse parameters and identification errors, the proposed dynamic inertia adaptive control method demonstrates strong anti-interference capability. It can achieve optimization effects in such scenarios, proving its practical applicability.
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Received: 15 August 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
