含脉冲负载燃料电池-锂电池-超级电容混合供电系统大信号稳定性分析及提升方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.250546

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Abstract Hybrid power supply systems (HPSS) can fully leverage the characteristics of different power sources to enhance the power supply performance of electrified transportation systems. However, extreme operating conditions of large-scale load switching can easily induce system instability. Traditional small-signal stability analysis methods struggle to address these large-disturbance scenarios comprehensively. This paper investigates the large-signal stability analysis of HPSS considering control dynamics based on the largest region of attraction (ROA). The impacts of control parameters and load power variations on HPSS large-signal stability are examined, and a stability enhancement scheme is proposed utilizing an active capacitor converter (ACC) to absorb pulsed power. The research reveals that resistance droop coefficients, proportional gains of PI regulators in the voltage and current loops, and load power constitute dominant instability characteristics in HPSS. Optimization of control parameters can expand the system's ROA, thereby achieving greater stability margins.
Firstly, the main circuit model of the HPSS is constructed using the state average method. A control strategy combining virtual droop control and dual-loop PI control is employed to achieve dynamic power sharing, leading to the derivation of the mathematical model considering control dynamics. An ACC is integrated into the HPSS to decouple the high peak-to-average pulse power load. Notably, the voltage control loop of ACC is not employed for bus voltage regulation, but rather for the restoration of the energy storage capacitor voltage. Therefore, during pulse load operation, ACC can be equivalent to a current source that supplies instantaneous pulse current. It ensures zero energy interaction between ACC and HPSS while operating as a conventional load under non-pulse durations. Consequently, ACC can be considered a traditional load when conducting large-signal stability analysis. Therefore, a comprehensive HPSS state-space model for large-signal stability analysis incorporating control dynamics can be formulated without ACC. After that, the T-S fuzzy modeling method is employed to transfer the HPSS state-space model into a T-S fuzzy model, and then the largest ROA can be obtained through Lyapunov stability theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization. The most significant ROA estimation results reveal three dominant stability parameters: (1) The resistance droop coefficient (R_vfc) of the FC converter. (2) Proportional gains in both voltage and current loops of PI regulators of DC-DC converters. (3) Load power level variations.
An experimental platform of HPSS incorporating FC, BAT, SC, and ACC was established in the lab. The experimental measurements demonstrate excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions derived from the largest ROA estimation-based stability analysis. Moreover, the HPSS exhibited instability within tens of milliseconds when the pulse power load is activated without ACC, while the HPSS remained stable with merely minor bus voltage fluctuations after integrating ACC.
The following conclusions can be made. (1) The resistive droop coefficient and the proportional gain of the PI regulator are the primary parameters affecting system stability. (2) ACC-enabled power decoupling for pulse power loads significantly enhances system stability.

Key words： Large-signal stability region of attraction hybrid power supply system pulsed power load virtual impedance droop control

Received: 04 April 2025

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	Chen Zhiyue
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Chen Zhiyue,Chen Jiawei,Ao Wenjie等. Large-Signal Stability Analysis and Enhancement Strategies for Fuel Cell- Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Power Supply Systems with Pulsed Loads[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(6): 2119-2131.

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