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| DC Inertia Enhancement Control Method for Energy Storage System under Pulsed Load |
| Yi Weilang1, Yu Peichang1, Chen Qiang1, Zhou Leming2, Gu Shijie1, Li Jie1 |
1. College of Intelligence Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410003 China;
2. College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China |
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Abstract To address the growing demand for highly reliable power supply in remote areas, hybrid power systems that integrate diesel generators with energy storage units have been widely recognized as a promising solution. These systems combine the long-term energy capacity of diesel generation with the fast-response and dynamic support capability of energy storage, thereby ensuring both reliability and flexibility. Nevertheless, in practical operation, the intermittent connection of high-power pulsed loads—characterized by frequent and repetitive transient switching—introduces severe challenges. In particular, such pulsed loads impose instantaneous power shocks on the system, which cause pronounced voltage fluctuations in the intermediate DC bus of the two-stage energy storage converter. These fluctuations not only jeopardize the stable operation of the hybrid system but also significantly deteriorate the quality of power supply delivered to sensitive loads.
To overcome this issue, this paper proposes a novel DC-side inertia enhancement control strategy that incorporates state-observer-based current compensation. The core idea of the method is twofold. First, a virtual inertia control mechanism is introduced to increase the effective inertia of the DC link within the energy storage system, thereby enhancing its ability to resist disturbances and stabilize the bus voltage. Second, a current state observer is designed to predict the dynamic behavior of the DC-side load current in real time. The predicted current is then utilized as a feedforward signal to rapidly offset the instantaneous energy drawn by pulsed loads. Through the coordinated action of virtual inertia support and feedforward energy compensation, the proposed strategy is able to effectively suppress voltage fluctuations on the DC bus, thus significantly improving system stability and power quality.
The research is carried out in several stages. First, the supply architecture of a diesel-storage hybrid system with pulsed loads is presented. A detailed mathematical model of the energy storage subsystem under pulsed load conditions is then established, which reveals the inherent mechanism of DC voltage fluctuations and clarifies the relationship between load characteristics and bus voltage dynamics. Based on these insights, a composite control framework combining inertia enhancement and current-feedforward compensation is formulated. A small-signal state-space model of the controlled system is further developed to support theoretical analysis. Within this framework, both frequency-domain and time-domain analyses are conducted to verify the suppression mechanism of voltage oscillations and to characterize the dynamic response of the proposed method. Moreover, parameter design procedures for the inertia enhancement controller and current observer are derived based on the small-signal model, ensuring that the control strategy is not only theoretically sound but also practically implementable.
Finally, to validate the proposed approach, both simulation and experimental studies are performed. A Matlab/Simulink simulation platform is first constructed to compare the performance of conventional control, inertia enhancement alone, and the full proposed strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed control provides superior suppression of voltage fluctuations compared with traditional methods. In addition, a laboratory-scale prototype of the energy storage converter system is developed to experimentally verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Experimental results confirm the simulation findings: the system under the proposed control strategy exhibits enhanced stability, faster transient response, and significantly improved suppression of DC bus voltage oscillations. Particularly, the introduction of state-observer current compensation is shown to further optimize the fluctuation suppression performance.
In summary, this work establishes a systematic framework for enhancing the inertia and dynamic performance of diesel-storage hybrid systems subjected to pulsed loads. The proposed strategy combines the advantages of inertia support and feedforward compensation, offering a robust and effective solution to mitigate voltage fluctuations and improve overall power supply quality in remote-area applications.
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Received: 03 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
