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| Design of Power Supply for Mitigating Pulsed Load Impact on Ships Based on Multi-Objective Control |
| Sun Dongyang1, Zhang Shuning1, Li Shuang1, Chen Dejia1, Fang Shiyuan2 |
1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Harbin 150080 China;
2. Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute Beijing 100028 China |
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Abstract Strong electromagnetic pulse loads, such as those used in radar, sonar, and electromagnetic catapults, have become critical equipment in shipbuilding. However, the associated power impact issues have emerged as a bottleneck restricting the development of marine technology. In particular, radar-type pulse loads integrated into shipboard integrated power systems operate under complex and stochastic conditions characterized by high frequency, high amplitude, and continuous periodicity. These loads introduce instantaneous power shocks to the shipboard power system, which can, in severe cases, cause diesel generator sets to desynchronize and shut down.Traditional voltage stabilization control strategies focus solely on regulating the output voltage—a single objective—without considering that excessively stable voltage may instead transfer power impact to the AC side, resulting in power shocks to the diesel generators. Although two-stage converters can serve as buffer circuits and achieve multi-objective control, they present challenges in coordinated control, compromised stability, large volume, and exacerbated spatial constraints onboard, along with difficulties in heat dissipation and poor cost efficiency.Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective control strategy for a single-stage converter based on model predictive control with adaptive power reference.
To address this issue, this paper first establishes the single-stage converter topology and analyzes the mismatch mechanism between strong electromagnetic pulse loads and diesel generator sets. It determines that the DC power supply should adopt a multi-objective control strategy to meet both the response characteristics of the diesel generators and the power quality requirements of the pulse load. Key hardware parameters of the power supply are designed based on the energy relationship among the AC input, support capacitor, and pulse load, under the constraints of the control objectives.Secondly, to ensure optimal control performance of the DC power supply under various operating conditions, a predictive model is constructed based on its state-space equations. An objective function is formulated according to the control goals, and optimized to derive the optimal control sequence.Thirdly, by analyzing the coupling relationship between the rate of power change on the AC side and the voltage fluctuation on the load side, an adaptive power reference adjustment rule is designed. A multi-objective control strategy integrating model predictive control with adaptive power reference is thereby developed.
Finally, the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed control strategy are validated using hardware-in-the-loop simulations and a dynamic experimental platform. Simulation and experimental results show that: (1) The conventional voltage stabilization control of single-stage converters meets the power supply accuracy requirements of the pulse load, but transfers the power impact to the AC side, adversely affecting the stable operation of the diesel generator sets. (2) The proposed adaptive power reference-based model predictive control strategy achieves multi-objective control in a single-stage converter. It adjusts the power reference incrementally based on the fluctuation range of the support capacitor voltage, thereby mitigating power impact on the diesel generators. (3) During sudden application/removal, multi-condition switching, and superposition of pulse load conditions, the proposed strategy significantly reduces power impact on the diesel generator side compared to conventional methods, and allows the support capacitor voltage to fluctuate within a reasonable range.
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Received: 19 June 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
