基于风储一体化的构网型直驱风电机组暂态支撑能力提升策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242174

Abstract
Figure/Table
References
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (5384 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract After the high proportion of wind power is connected, it brings a series of problems to the stability of the frequency and voltage, and the grid needs wind power to assume the main responsibility for ensuring power supply. Existing studies have shown that the virtual synchronous grid-forming equipment, including grid-forming wind turbines, has good frequency/voltage active temporary and steady-state support capabilities, and has better temporary and steady-state adaptability in weak grid scenarios. Based on these advantages, grid-forming wind turbines are expected to play a greater role in the future grid supported by low inertia and weak voltage. However, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation mode of the wind turbine and its own limited rotational energy lead to the restriction of the transient support capacity of the grid-forming permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSG), while the grid-forming PMSG based wind-storage generator has an additional energy source due to its access to energy storage, and its transient support performance has been greatly improved, which is an effective solution. At present, the access mode of energy storage is mostly parallel energy storage on the DC side or AC side, in which the energy storage driven by grid-following control adopts the passive mode of responding to the frequency acquisition signal to support the grid frequency, and most of the energy storage driven by virtual synchronous grid-forming control is connected to the AC side of the wind turbine, and the energy storage cannot be incorporated into the virtual synchronous control system. Therefore, this study is dedicated to proposing a transient support capacity improvement strategy for grid-forming PMSG based on wind-storage integration.
Firstly, the power energy storage represented by the supercapacitor was selected to form a grid-forming PMSG based Wind-storage generator with grid-forming PMSG, and the dynamic model of the grid-forming PMSG and grid-forming PMSG based wind-storage generator were established, and the constraints of the wind turbine dynamics on the frequency support capacity and transient stability of the grid-forming PMSG were summarized by analyzing the transient response of the grid-forming PMSG under frequency and voltage drops.
Then, combined with the energy flow characteristics of the grid-forming PMSG based wind-storage generator in the transient support process, the transient response power of the Grid-forming control is decomposed into inertia response power signal and damping response power signal to drive energy storage, and a transient support capacity improvement strategy for grid-forming PMSG based on wind-storage integration is formed, which realizes the flexible allocation and invocation of rotor kinetic energy and energy storage, and incorporates the rotor kinetic energy and energy storage into the active support system of virtual synchronous control to improve the frequency support capacity and transient stability of the grid-forming PMSG based wind-storage generator.
Finally, after simulation verification under various conditions, the strategy can improve the transient support capacity of the grid-forming PMSG based wind-storage generator, including: (1) The frequency support capacity has been improved, which reduces the constraints of MPPT on the frequency support capacity of the wind turbine. (2) The fault ride-through capability is improved, the transient fluctuation of rotor speed and DC bus voltage is effectively suppressed, the redundant energy generated by fault ride-through is effectively absorbed. (3) Combined with the fault ride-through power angle stability control strategy, the redundant energy during the fault period is converted into energy storage energy, so as to avoid the reduction of wind turbine power generation efficiency and reduce energy waste.

Key words： Grid-forming PMSG wind-storage integrated generator virtual synchronous control supercapacitors transient support

Received: 03 December 2024

PACS:

TM614

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Cai Guang
	Yan Xiangwu
	Li Ruibo
	Jia Jiaoxin
	Zhang Shurui

Cite this article:

Cai Guang,Yan Xiangwu,Li Ruibo等. Research on the Transient Support Capacity Improvement Strategy of Grid-Forming PMSG Based on Integration of Wind Power and Storage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(9): 2681-2696.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242174 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2025/V40/I9/2681

[1] 全球能源互联网发展合作组织. 中国“十四五”电力发展规划研究[R]. 北京: 全球能源互联网发展合作组织, 2015.
[2] 黄萌, 舒思睿, 李锡林, 等. 面向同步稳定性的电力电子并网变流器分析与控制研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 5978-5994.
Huang Meng, Shu Sirui, Li Xilin, et al.A review of synchronization-stability-oriented analysis and control of power electronic grid-connected converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 5978-5994.
[3] 郭小龙, 杨桂兴, 张彦军, 等. 构网型储能变流器并网系统SISO环路增益建模与重塑控制[J]. 电气技术, 2023, 24(2): 24-31, 51.
Guo Xiaolong, Yang Guixing, Zhang Yanjun, et al.Modeling and reshaping control of single input and single output loop gain of the grid-forming energy storage converter grid-connected system[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2023, 24(2): 24-31, 51.
[4] 蔡旭, 秦垚, 王晗, 等. 风电机组的自同步电压源控制研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2023, 49(6): 2478-2490.
Cai Xu, Qin Yao, Wang Han, et al.Review of self-synchronous voltage source control for wind turbine generator[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2023, 49(6): 2478-2490.
[5] 秦世耀, 齐琛, 李少林, 等. 电压源型构网风电机组研究现状及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(4): 1314-1334.
Qin Shiyao, Qi Chen, Li Shaolin, et al.Review of the voltage-source grid forming wind turbine[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(4): 1314-1334.
[6] Xi Jiangbei, Geng Hua, Zou Xin.Decoupling scheme for virtual synchronous generator controlled wind farms participating in inertial response[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2021, 9(2): 347-355.
[7] 王鑫, 杨德健. 基于变系数PI控制的双馈风电机组自适应转速恢复策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 4120-4129.
Wang Xin, Yang Dejian.Adaptive speed recovery strategy of doubly-fed induction generator based on variable PI control coefficient[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 4120-4129.
[8] 杨德健, 王鑫, 严干贵, 等. 计及调频死区的柔性风储联合频率控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(17): 4646-4656.
Yang Dejian, Wang Xin, Yan Gangui, et al.Flexible frequency regulation scheme of DFIG embed battery energy storage system considering deadbands[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(17): 4646-4656.
[9] 张锋, 陈武晖, 康佳乐, 等. 双馈风电场故障穿越控制策略对风火打捆系统暂态稳定性影响及提升控制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(3): 717-729.
Zhang Feng, Chen Wuhui, Kang Jiale, et al.Research on the effect of fault ride-through control strategy of doubly fed wind farms on transient stability of wind-fire bundling system and enhancement control strategy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(3): 717-729.
[10] 颜湘武, 蔡光, 李锐博, 等. 计及功角偏差和阻尼效应的构网型双馈风机暂态稳定性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(7): 2616-2633.
Yan Xiangwu, Cai Guang, Li Ruibo, et al.Transient stability analysis of grid forming-doubly fed induction generator with power angle deviation and damping effect[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(7): 2616-2633.
[11] Yu Jianfeng, Ouyang Jinxin, Zhang Aogui, et al.Modeling of dynamic control error and emergency frequency control for direct-drive PMSG-based wind turbine under grid fault[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 2024, 15(3): 1690-1702.
[12] 饶仪明, 吕敬, 戴金水, 等. 不同控制策略下直驱风电机组的机网耦合特性及稳定性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2024, 48(4): 150-159.
Rao Yiming, Lü Jing, Dai Jinshui, et al.Analysis of generator-grid coupling characteristics and stability for direct-drive wind turbines with different control strategies[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2024, 48(4): 150-159.
[13] 张宇, 蔡旭, 张琛, 等. 并网变换器的暂态同步稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(5): 1687-1701.
Zhang Yu, Cai Xu, Zhang Chen, et al.Transient synchronization stability analysis of voltage source converters: a review[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(5): 1687-1701.
[14] 王子骏, 庄可好, 辛焕海, 等. 自同步型直驱风电机组暂态稳定分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2024, 58(4): 867-878.
Wang Zijun, Zhuang Kehao, Xin Huanhai, et al.Transient stability analysis of direct-driven wind turbines based on self-synchronous control[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2024, 58(4): 867-878.
[15] 张祥宇, 朱永健, 付媛. 基于系统惯量需求的风储协同快速频率响应技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(14): 5415-5429.
Zhang Xiangyu, Zhu Yongjian, Fu Yuan.Wind-storage cooperative fast frequency response technology based on system inertia demand[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(14): 5415-5429.
[16] 颜湘武, 孙雪薇, 崔森, 等. 基于转子动能与超级电容器储能的双馈风电机组惯量和一次调频改进控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(增刊1): 179-190.
Yan Xiangwu, Sun Xuewei, Cui Sen, et al.Improved control strategy for inertia and primary frequency regulation of doubly fed induction generator based on rotor kinetic energy and supercapacitor energy storage[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(S1): 179-190.
[17] 唐飞, 亓君锋, 谢家锐, 等. 避免频率二次跌落的风储联合调频控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(10): 3824-3836.
Tang Fei, Qi Junfeng, Xie Jiarui, et al.Coordinated control strategy of wind turbine generator and energy storage equipment to avoid frequency secondary drop[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(10): 3824-3836.
[18] 王德胜, 颜湘武, 贾焦心, 等. 永磁直驱风机基于虚拟同步技术的高、低电压连续故障穿越策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(6): 2164-2175.
Wang Desheng, Yan Xiangwu, Jia Jiaoxin, et al.High/ low voltage continuous fault ride through strategy of PMSGs based on virtual synchronization technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(6): 2164-2175.
[19] 金铭鑫, 王彤, 黄世楼, 等. 含储能型虚拟同步发电机的直驱风机并网系统自适应协调阻尼控制策略[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2021, 41(10): 170-177, 191.
Jin Mingxin, Wang Tong, Huang Shilou, et al.Adaptive coordinated damping control strategy for grid-connected direct-driven wind turbine system with energy storage-based virtual synchronous generators[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2021, 41(10): 170-177, 191.
[20] 李尚志, 徐泰山, 李英彪, 等. 构网型全功率风机并网系统机电尺度建模及动态稳定性分析[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2024, 52(7): 12-21.
Li Shangzhi, Xu Taishan, Li Yingbiao, et al.Electromechanical scale modeling and dynamic stability analysis of grid connected full power wind turbine system[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2024, 52(7): 12-21.
[21] Yang Dejian, Wang Xin, Chen Wei, et al.Adaptive frequency droop feedback control-based power tracking operation of a DFIG for temporary frequency regulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2024, 39(2): 2682-2692.
[22] 孟志伟, 侯玉强, 方勇杰, 等. 强阻尼电压源型虚拟同步发电机大扰动功角稳定性分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42(9): 44-50.
Meng Zhiwei, Hou Yuqiang, Fang Yongjie, et al.Analysis on large disturbance power-angle stability of strong-damping voltage-source virtual synchronous generators[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2018, 42(9): 44-50.
[23] 马亦卓, 谭贝斯, 徐晋, 等. 基于虚拟同步控制的构网型直驱风机轴系扭振特性分析[J/OL]. 电网技术, 2024: 1-10[2024-07-22]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2410.tm.20240719.1507.002.
Ma Yizhuo, Tan Beisi, Xu Jin, et al. Torsional oscillation characteristics analysis of grid-forming pmsg-based wind turbine system based on virtual synchronous generator control[J]. Power System Technology, 2024: 1-10[2024-07-22]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2410.tm.20240719.1507.002.
[24] Sun Kun, Yao Wei, Wen Jinyu, et al.A two-stage simultaneous control scheme for the transient angle stability of VSG considering current limitation and voltage support[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2022, 37(3): 2137-2150.
[25] Luo Cong, Chen Yandong, Xu Yuancan, et al.Two-stage transient control for VSG considering fault current limitation and transient angle stability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2024, 71(7): 7169-7179.
[26] 国家电网有限公司. 风电机组虚拟同步发电机技术要求和试验方法: Q/GDW 11826—2018[S]. 北京: 国家电网有限公司, 2018.
[27] 国家市场监督管理总局, 国家标准化管理委员会. 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
[28] 颜湘武, 崔森, 宋子君, 等. 基于超级电容储能控制的双馈风电机组惯量与一次调频策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(14): 111-120.
Yan Xiangwu, Cui Sen, Song Zijun, et al.Inertia and primary frequency regulation strategy of doubly-fed wind turbine based on super-capacitor energy storage control[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(14): 111-120.