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| Transient Frequency Regulation Strategy for Battery Energy Storage System Based on Frequency Regulation Characteristic Compensation |
| Huang Ziyang1, Zhang Xiaonan1, Li Gengyin1, Li Jingzhu2, Tian Xin2 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China;
2. State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Limited Economic and Technology InstituteJinan 250022 China |
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Abstract The inherent volatility and intermittency of renewable energy output exacerbate the mismatch between supply and demand. Simultaneously, the gradual replacement of synchronous generators by renewable energy weakens system inertia and damping, posing threats to the security and stability of system frequency across multiple timescales. Due to the delayed response of synchronous generators, there is an urgent need to explore new frequency regulation resources and strategies. Distributed battery energy storage systems (BESSs), offer advantages such as precise controllability, rapid response, and flexible adjustment, enabling them to support transient auxiliary services like frequency and voltage regulation. Conventional frequency regulation strategies for BESS are autonomous and highly reliable but fail to account for the impact on other power sources or the actual system requirements, making it difficult to fully leverage active support capabilities of BESS under various operating conditions. When BESS is used to improve the frequency regulation characteristics of other power sources, its integration is typically tailored to specific source types, resulting in model-dependent and highly customized strategies that lack universality.
To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel transient frequency regulation strategy based on frequency regulation characteristic compensation. First, the energy dynamic model of the BESS is derived in the transient timescale, and the frequency regulation characteristics of multiple types of power sources are uniformly described using linearized frequency regulation transfer functions. A system transient frequency response model incorporating multiple BESSs is then established to accurately reflect the contribution of BESSs during transients. Subsequently, a universal compensation strategy for frequency regulation characteristic delays of power sources is proposed. Following this, with the objective of maximizing the utilization of BESS reserve energy, the power distribution coefficient and initial inertia coefficient required by the strategy are configured to enhance the active frequency support capability of BESS under different operating conditions. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed strategy are verified via theoretical analysis and case studies of IEEE 39-bus system.
The main conclusion of this paper can be summarized as follows:
(1)Under different system conditions and various disturbances, the proposed strategy exhibits adaptability. Its frequency regulation performance and BESS energy utilization rate are significantly superior to conventional SIC and adaptive SIC strategies; it also outperforms constant frequency control strategy in terms of frequency regulation effect while ensuring the continuity of energy utilization.
(2)The proposed strategy can achieve an overdamped transient frequency response when the power disturbance is small. When the power disturbance is large, it fully releases the reserve energy of BESS for frequency regulation characteristic compensation, thereby maximizing the frequency extremes while meeting system frequency regulation requirements and ensuring BESS operational safety.
(3)As the proportion of renewable energy replacing synchronous generators increases, the BESS energy required for complete compensation of frequency regulation characteristic decreases, making it easier to achieve optimal transient frequency regulation using the proposed strategy.
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Received: 02 September 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
