|
|
|
| Study on Ion Flow Field of ±1 100 kV UHVDC Transmission Lines under Strong Wind Conditions Based on MRT-LBM |
| Zhu Ting1,2, Wang Rongbin1,2, Wang Haidong1,2 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Xiamen University of Technology Xiamen 361021 China;
2. Xiamen Key Laboratory of Frontier Electric Power Equipment and Intelligent Control Xiamen 361021 China |
|
|
|
Abstract To maximize economic efficiency, corona discharge is permitted during the operation of ultra-high-voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission systems. However, the resulting ion flow field may pose potential health risks to residents living beneath the transmission lines. Therefore, regulatory standards require that the electric field strength and ion current density near the ground be limited to 30 kV/m and 100 nA/m², respectively. Accurate computation of the ion flow field of transmission lines thus holds significant practical importance.
With the continuous increase in transmission voltage levels and the growing frequency of strong wind events under extreme weather conditions, the electromagnetic environment beneath transmission lines has become increasingly complex and severe. Under such circumstances, solving the current continuity equation for the ion flow field in HVDC transmission systems presents growing challenges in terms of numerical convergence, especially under high voltage and strong wind speed conditions.
To address these issues, this paper introduced the multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method (MRT-LBM) combined with compute unified device architecture (CUDA)-based parallel computing technology to construct a numerical simulation model of the ion flow field under strong wind conditions. Compared with the traditional single relaxation time (SRT) model, the MRT-LBM demonstrated significantly improved numerical stability, making it more suitable for solving the current continuity equation under complex scenarios involving high voltage and strong wind speeds. The proposed method was first validated using a coaxial cylindrical model to verify its accuracy and reliability. The computed results were compared with analytical solutions and experimental data, showing good agreement. Furthermore, to demonstrate the acceleration performance of CUDA parallel computing, a verification was conducted using the coaxial electric field model. The results show that the CUDA-based approach improves computational efficiency by approximately 41% compared with traditional CPU-based computation.
Based on this, the model was applied to simulate a ±1 100 kV transmission line. Under blue wind warning conditions, the evolution of space charge and the variations in ground-level electric field and ion current density were investigated. The simulation results showed that under continuous wind action, the electric field on the windward side initially increased and then decreased, while positive and negative charges on the leeward side gradually accumulated to form a new steady-state distribution. As the wind duration increased, the leeward electric-field peak first decreased and then rose continuously; the peak profile broadened and shifted outward, forming a wider high-field region until the system reached a new equilibrium state.
Furthermore, this study analyzed the distribution characteristics of electric field strength and ion current density near the ground under four wind warning levels issued by the China Meteorological Administration, clarifying the migration patterns of unsafe zones under different wind speeds. The results indicate that the electric field and ion current density on the windward side decrease monotonically with increasing wind speed, whereas those on the leeward side first increase and then decrease due to the combined effects of wind-induced displacement, charge recombination, and charge injection. The corresponding high-field region expands significantly and shifts toward the leeward side.
The findings of this study can serve as theoretical and numerical references for the optimized design and safe operation of UHVDC transmission lines under extreme weather conditions.
|
|
Received: 25 July 2025
|
|
|
|
|
|
[1] 肖娟霞, 李勇, 韩宇, 等. 计及台风时空特性和灵活性资源协同优化的配电网弹性提升策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(23): 7430-7446.
Xiao Juanxia, Li Yong, Han Yu, et al.Resilience enhancement strategy for distribution networks considering the spatiotemporal characteristics of typhoon and the collaborative optimization of flexible resources[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(23): 7430-7446.
[2] 王秋杰, 甘德伟, 谭洪, 等. 面向台风灾害的配电网故障区段定位混合整数线性规划方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(7): 2223-2236.
Wang Qiujie, Gan Dewei, Tan Hong, et al.A mixed-integer linear programming method for fault section location in distribution networks under typhoon disasters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(7): 2223-2236.
[3] 朱承治, 姜凯华, 姜文东, 等. 台风灾害下电网输电设备故障预测技术综述[J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(5): 10-19.
Zhu Chengzhi, Jiang Kaihua, Jiang Wendong, et al.Overview of fault prediction technology of power grid transmission equipment under typhoon disaster[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2025, 61(5): 10-19.
[4] Maruvada P S.Influence of wind on the electric field and ion current environment of HVDC transmission lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2014, 29(6): 2561-2569.
[5] Yi Yong, Zhang Chuyan, Wang Liming, et al.Statistical evaluation and numerical analysis of effect of transverse wind on ionized field of ±800kV UHVDC operating transmission lines[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2016, 140: 560-567.
[6] 汪沨, 李敏, 吕建红, 等. 风速对特高压直流输电线路离子流场分布的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(9): 2897-2901.
Wang Feng, Li Min, Lü Jianhong, et al.Effect of wind speed on ion flow field under UHVDC transmission lines[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(9): 2897-2901.
[7] Du Zhiye, Xiu Liancheng, He Jingxuan, et al.Computation of total electric field considering natural wind under high-altitude UHVDC transmission lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2022, 58(9): 9200804.
[8] 岳国华, 杜志叶, 蔡泓威, 等. 基于风速概率分布与风切变指数的直流输电线路离子流场数值模拟方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(9): 2907-2915.
Yue Guohua, Du Zhiye, Cai Hongwei, et al.Numerical simulation method of ion flow field in DC transmission line based on wind speed probability distribution and wind shear exponent[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(9): 2907-2915.
[9] 康永强, 蒲绪宏, 张嘉琳, 等. 流场-离子流场双向耦合作用下±800 kV高压直流输电线路离子流特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2024, 44(22): 9087-9099.
Kang Yongqiang, Pu Xuhong, Zhang Jialin, et al.Characterization of ion flow in ±800 kV HVDC transmission line under bidirectional coupling of flow field and ion flow field[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2024, 44(22): 9087-9099.
[10] 秦子翌, 陈炯, 任茂鑫, 等. 基于风速-风向联合分布的UHVDC线路合成场及评估技术研究[J]. 高压电器, 2025, 61(7): 16-26.
Qin Ziyi, Chen Jiong, Ren Maoxin, et al.Study on total electric field and assessment technology of UHVDC lines based on joint distribution of wind speed and direction[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2025, 61(7): 16-26.
[11] 何雅玲, 王勇, 李庆. 格子Boltzmann方法的理论及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.
[12] Mohamad A A.格子玻耳兹曼方法:基础与工程应用[M]. 杨大勇, 译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2015.
[13] 于文旭, 关向雨, 赵俊义, 等. 基于格子玻耳兹曼的油浸式变压器瞬态温升模拟与负载能力评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(10): 3315-3325.
Yu Wenxu, Guan Xiangyu, Zhao Junyi, et al.Transient temperature rise simulation and load capacity evaluation of oil-immersed transformer based on lattice Boltzmann method[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(10): 3315-3325.
[14] Zhu Ting, Wang Song, Zhang Naming, et al.Ion flow field modelling based on lattice Boltzmann method and its mesh refinement[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2020, 14(20): 4539-4546.
[15] Fan Huo, Zheng Hong.MRT-LBM-based numerical simulation of seepage flow through fractal fracture networks[J]. Science China Technological Sciences, 2013, 56(12): 3115-3122.
[16] 刘智翔, 方勇, 宋安平, 等. 基于MRT-LBM方法的大规模可扩展并行计算研究[J]. 计算机研究与发展, 2016, 53(5): 1156-1165.
Liu Zhixiang, Fang Yong, Song Anping, et al.Large-scale scalable parallel computing based on LBM with multiple-relaxation-time model[J]. Journal of Computer Research and Development, 2016, 53(5): 1156-1165.
[17] Yi Yong, Wang Liming, Chen Zhengying.Estimating the environmental impacts of HVDC and UHVDC lines for large-scale wind power transmission considering height-dependent wind and atmospheric stability[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2022, 138: 107868.
[18] 罗康. 电热对流格子-Boltzmann模拟及稳定性分析[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2017.
Luo Kang.Lattice Boltzmann simulations of electro-thermo-hydrodynamic flows and its stability analysis[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2017.
[19] Qian Yuehong, D’Humières D, Lallemand P. Lattice BGK models for Navier-Stokes equation[J]. Europhysics Letters (EPL), 1992, 17(6): 479-484.
[20] 韩梦涛. 时间步长对格子玻尔兹曼法模拟室内气流精度的影响[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(6): 793-801.
Han Mengtao.Effect of time steps on accuracy of indoor airflow simulation using lattice Boltzmann method[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2022, 50(6): 793-801.
[21] 郭照立, 郑楚光. 格子Boltzmann方法的原理及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2009.
[22] 曹书豪, 许建中, 周宇权, 等. 适用于大规模光伏电站的电磁暂态细粒度并行仿真方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(8): 2658-2671.
Cao Shuhao, Xu Jianzhong, Zhou Yuquan, et al.Electromagnetic transient fine-grained parallel simulation method for large-scale PV power station[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(8): 2658-2671.
[23] 张煜. 离子选择性表面电对流不稳定性格子玻尔兹曼方法模拟[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2021.
Zhang Yu.Electroconvective instability near ion-selective surface: lattice Boltzmann method simulations[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2021.
[24] Janischewskyj W, Cela G. Finite element solution for electric fields of coronating DC transmission lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1979, PAS-98(3): 1000-1012.
[25] Yin Han, Zhang Bo, He Jinliang, et al.Time-domain finite volume method for ion-flow field analysis of bipolar high-voltage direct current transmission lines[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2012, 6(8): 785-791.
[26] 冯晗. 高压直流输电线路离子流场计算及其工程应用[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2007.
Feng Han.Calculation of the ionized field under high voltage direct current transmission lines and engineering application[D]. Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2007.
[27] Manninen H E, Franchin A, Schobesberger S, et al.Characterisation of corona-generated ions used in a Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS)[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2011, 4(12): 2767-2776.
[28] Stracqualursi E, Araneo R, Celozzi S.The corona phenomenon in overhead lines: critical overview of most common and reliable available models[J]. Energies, 2021, 14(20): 6612.
[29] 张建. 采用修正来流条件和粗糙壁面处理方法的绕流问题研究[D]. 北京: 北京交通大学, 2011.
Zhang Jian.Analysis of flow around bluff body based on modified inlet profiles and rough wall treatments[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2011.
[30] Guo Zhaoli, Zheng Chuguang, Shi Baochang.An extrapolation method for boundary conditions in lattice Boltzmann method[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2002, 14(6): 2007-2010. |
|
|
|
2026, Vol. 41 
