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Abstract Electronic systems (ES) exposed to complex electromagnetic environments (CEME) are highly susceptible to interference and damage from CEME. Electromagnetic protection is an important measure to prevent interference and damage from CEME. Mr. Liu Shanghe raised a scientific question: As long as the CEME reaches or approaches the same level as the signal of the electronic system, the system may malfunction. However, biological systems (BS) can resist interference of electromagnetic that is tens of thousands of times greater than their own signals. To this end, he proposed a new concept for electromagnetic protection bionic to reference on the principle of resistance to interference and damage of electromagnetic of BS. The purpose of this paper is to provide new ideas for the design of electromagnetic protection bionic in ES through in-depth analysis and drawing on the structure and function of BS.
Aiming at the research direction of electromagnetic protection bionic, it was analyzed the structures of electronic systems and biological systems, the electromagnetic environmental effects (E3) of ES and biological effects of BS, the coupling pathway mechanism of electromagnetic effects of ES and BS, the neural signals and its transmission protection of BS, and the electromagnetic protection mechanism at the system level of BS. Reference on the anti-interference of electromagnetic of BS, it are proposed some key design points of electromagnetic protection bionic for ES.
The structure of ES is connected by various modules with a functional, modular and link-based. BS is an open system that exchanges substances, converts energy and transmits information with the outside, and the adaptive, self-organizing and self-regulating in BS are fully exerted, for example, the homeostasis.
With the increase of the intensity of electromagnetic, the effects of E3 transform from reversible to irreversible, such as interference, energy reduction, damage and destruction. Nevertheless, biological effects successively exhibit no response, response, reversible and irreversible which of non-thermal, and thermal damage and destruction which of thermal.
The coupling of ES is that the current, voltage and electromagnetic waves to act directly on electronic components without obstruction. However, the attenuation of bio-tissues reduces the intensity to the target organ or tissue, achieving a shielding effect. The second messenger in cells is the way to produce electromagnetic effects in BS. Cellular effects are often caused by the degeneracy of multiple signal pathways and the complementary redundancy of each pathway.
A graded potential in the cell depends on the intensity of the stimulus. After neurons receive external stimulus, the action potentials are transmitted to the central nervous system in the form of frequency encoding of pulse sequences. When nerve fibers are stimulated subthreshold, the nerve axon can be regarded as a cable with distributed capacitance and leakage resistance. The resistance of the cable decreases the current or voltage to induce attenuated conduction. When myelinated nerve fibers are stimulated by suprathreshold, the action potential without attenuation can propagate in leapfrog at Ranvier's node. Myelin sheath protects nerve fibers.
ES has the nature of biological stress that it could be adaptive to changes of weak CEME, but cause damage in overly strong CEME. The robustness of BS lies in the continuous evolution of its structure to adapt to new environments. Tissue repair is the process of restoring the integrity of an organization, mainly including tissue regeneration and tissue fibrosis.
To sum up, referencing on some characteristics of the anti-interference and damage electromagnetic in BS, the key points of ES design are as follows: (1) shielding materials should have good attenuation properties and the indirect interaction between electromagnetic fields and target components. (2) bionic circuit can adopt indirect signal transmission and specific sensitive sensors and protective structures. (3) degeneracy circuits with multiple structures and the same tasks, as well as degeneracy circuits with better robustness. (4) design a limiter with “all or none” for to limit the strong interference signals and an encoder with the action potential with the frequency of the pulse sequence. (5) myelinated nerve fiber structures and the leaping propagation of nerve signals without attenuation. (6) multiple subsystems with immune functions and which interact with each other. (7) more signal nodes which signal transmission and processing are carried out using adders, inverters, followers, and the optimal evolution algorithm and circuit. (8) a fault detecting circuit in order to start the imitation immune circuit, and a multiple electronic modules used for tissue repair.
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Received: 18 February 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
