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| Hysteresis and Loss Prediction of Soft Magnetic Composites Considering Particle Characteristics under DC-Biased Excitation |
| Zhao Xiaojun1, Xing Yutong1, Gao Shengze1, Liu Lanrong2, Shi Jian2 |
1. Department of Electrical Engineering North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
2. Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic &Structural Performance of Power Transmission and Transformation Equipment Baoding 071056 China |
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Abstract With the development of modern power electronics, it is of great significance to deeply understand the hysteresis characteristics of soft magnetic composites (SMCs) and propose an accurate method for predicting the hysteresis loss of SMCs under DC-biased operating conditions. Since most current hysteresis loss calculation methods of SMCs without considering particle material properties and involve excessive computational complexity, this paper proposes a dynamic hysteresis loss model based on the loss separation model, which accounts for the internal characteristics of magnetic powder core particles. This model addresses the issue of hysteresis models neglecting material properties and achieves higher calculation accuracy.
Firstly, this paper analyzes the composition of hysteresis loss in magnetic powder core materials and considers the influence of particle material properties and excitation sources on different dynamic losses. Based on Maxwell's equations and the particulate nature of particle magnetic powder core materials, an equivalent particle model is established. Furthermore, the eddy current losses inside the particles and between particles of the magnetic powder core equal to the eddy current loss of the equivalent particle, and a formula for the magnetic field strength corresponding to in-plane eddy current loss is derived. This method abandons the neglect of the magnetic field strength generated in the y-axis direction in the traditional formula for magnetic field strength corresponding to eddy current loss, thus achieving higher calculation accuracy.
Secondly, this paper analyzes the actual application scenarios of magnetic powder cores and establishes an anomalous loss calculation model under DC-biased excitation. By analyzing the magnetic properties of magnetic powder core materials under the action of DC components, the corresponding anomalous loss parameters are calculated, and an anomalous loss model considering DC flux density is constructed to compute the magnetic field strength corresponding to anomalous loss.
Finally, experiments are conducted using Somaloy 500 1P magnetic powder cores to measure hysteresis losses and hysteresis loops under different operating conditions, which are then compared with the calculation results. The following conclusions can be obtained: (1) A dynamic hysteresis model based is on field separation, which can account for the internal particle structure of SMCs, is proposed. The equivalent particle model is established to realize the analysis of hysteresis loss characteristics under high-frequency sinusoidal excitation. The error between the loss calculated by the improved model and the experimentally measured loss is no more than 5.13%, verifying the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed model. (2) The loss characteristics of SMCs are analyzed. Within the experimentally measured frequency range, the increase in frequency is the main factor contributing to the increase in SMC losses. As frequency and flux density increase, the proportion of eddy current loss in total loss gradually decreases, while the proportion of anomalous loss in total loss increases. The influence of anomalous loss on loss magnitude under biased conditions is further analyzed, and a dynamic hysteresis model is established. Under high-frequency DC-biased excitation, the error of this model is no more than 4.68%. (3) Since the internal air gaps of SMC samples and the damage degree of particle insulation layers are not considered, the calculation results of this paper are slightly smaller than the actual measured losses. Future research will consider the influence of inter-particle air gaps and manufacturing pressure on the dynamic hysteresis model of SMCs.
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Received: 05 September 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
