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| Research Progress and Challenges of Fluorocarbon-Based Eco-Friendly Insulating Gases in Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment |
| Chen Yijiang1, Li Yi1, Xiao Song1, Zhuo Ran2, Fan Xinhong3, Fu Mingli2, Zhang Xiaoxing4, Tang Ju1 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China;
2. CSG Electric Power Research Institute Guangzhou 510663 China;
3. Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Lanzhou 730070 China;
4. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China |
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Abstract This systematic review examines the decomposition byproducts, material compatibility challenges, leakage risks, and corresponding maintenance technologies associated with fluorocarbon-based eco-friendly insulating gases when used as SF6 alternative gases in gas-insulated equipment (GIE). The research aims to address key engineering challenges and propose performance optimization strategies for practical applications.
Fluorocarbon-based eco-friendly insulating gases are designed due to their low global warming potential (GWP) and high insulation strength, and they are applied in 12~252 kV switchgear, circuit breakers, and combined electrical equipment. Nevertheless, under fault conditions such as partial discharge, electric arcs, or overheating, these compounds undergo intricate decomposition reactions, resulting in the generation of highly toxic and corrosive gases as well as solid carbon/fluorides. This process diminishes insulation performance and expedites material degradation. Moreover, when exposed to temperatures surpassing 220℃, their inferior compatibility with metals (e.g., copper) and non - metallic sealing materials (e.g., EPDM rubber) gives rise to electrode corrosion and seal failures, notably augmenting leakage risks.
Existing research findings suggest that material modification and system optimization represent crucial avenues for enhancing the stability of environmental gas insulation equipment. The incorporation of O2 can quench free radicals and disrupt chain reactions, effectively suppressing up to 40% of the decomposition products derived from fluorocarbon gases. Nevertheless, it is essential to take precautions to prevent oxidation corrosion induced by high concentrations of O2. Nanomaterial - based sensors (for instance, Pd-MoS2, which is capable of detecting C4F7N leaks at a level of 0.25×10-4%; and Cu-doped materials that exhibit specific responses to C2N2) facilitate real - time monitoring. Traditional adsorbents (such as γ-Al2O3) have been supplanted by novel MOFs composites (e.g., HKUST-1@nanofiber membrane). The multi-level pore structures of these composites significantly augment the adsorption capacity for decomposition products. Material modification techniques (including electrode surface grain boundary restructuring and rubber fluorination) can reduce solid deposits by 60% and simultaneously prolong the service life of seals.
Future research on fluorocarbon-based eco-friendly insulating gases ought to concentrate on constructing a three-tier collaborative framework of “molecule-material-system”. At the molecular level, it is necessary to enhance the studies of free radical reaction kinetics and formulate decomposition product prediction models under arc/thermal coupled fields to direct the development of low-toxicity gas formulations. In terms of materials, passivation technologies (such as self-healing electrode coatings) and smart-responsive materials should be expanded to surmount compatibility limitations. From a systemic perspective, integrating nanosensing arrays with MOFs adsorption modules will establish a closed - loop system of “monitoring-purification-early warning”. This aligns with the requirements of the dual-carbon policy by setting decomposition product threshold standards and full-lifecycle carbon footprint assessment protocols. Through the in-depth integration of industry, academia, and research, the objective is to form a comprehensive innovation ecosystem encompassing gas design, equipment adaptation, and standard formulation, which supports the green transformation of power equipment and the implementation of the national carbon neutrality strategy.
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Received: 03 July 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
