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| Transient Control Strategy of Energy Storage System Based on the Characteristics of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming |
| Li Jianlin1, Zou Fei1, You Honghao1, Jiang Xiaoxia2, Lü Hongzhang3 |
1. National User-Side Energy Storage Innovation Research and Development Center North China University of Technology Beijing 100144 China;
2. SPIC Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing 102200 China;
3. Qingdao Weikong Electric Co. Ltd Qingdao 266000 China |
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Abstract With the access to a large number of power electronic converters and new energy sources, the new power system has gradually shifted from a strong power grid to a weak power grid, and the new energy station based on the grid-following has poor stability under the a weak network, and the access to grid-forming energy storage can effectively mitigate the weak support and strong fluctuations of in the power system. However, it is prone to transient stability problems, such as low-frequency oscillations and large disturbance overcurrent, under strong network conditions. In this paper, the transient performance of small disturbances and large disturbances under different power grid conditions is analyzed at the mechanism level, and the complementary characteristics of the two are revealed in different scenarios. The analysis results show that the grid-following control and the grid-forming controls have complementary characteristics under different working conditions, .the grid-following control plays the role of serves as a “following” in the power grid and presents the characteristics of the current source externally, and the network-forming control plays the role of serves as a “builder” in the power grid and presents the characteristics of the voltage source externally. In this regard, the grid-forming energy storage control strategy can be improved by combining the characteristics of grid-following control to ensure the stable operation of the energy storage system on a wide range of time scales and grid strength energy storage system's stable operation across a wide range of time scales and grid strengths. According to the control structure, the current grid-forming improved control methods that integrate the characteristics of the grid-following are divided into four types: active loop hybrid control, weighted hybrid control, equivalent switching hybrid control, mode and switching hybrid control mode, and their performance and current research status are sorted out and analyzed. The active loop hybrid control is to mixcombines the grid-forming and the grid-following control modes in the active power loop, Accordingly, so that the converter can maintain stability under different power grid strengths, improve the dynamic response speed, and have provide strong frequency support capacity. The weighted hybrid control mode is used as a modulation signal after weighting the control outputs of the grid-forming and grid-following controls are weighted, and the frequency and the voltage support capacity are considered simultaneously at the same time, and the system is highly robust the robustness is high. The equivalent switching hybrid control mode refers to the addition of a current-limiting device in the voltage and current double closed-loop controlled by the grid-forming control. Thus, so that the converter can limit the disturbance current under large disturbances, so that and the converter presents the characteristics of a current source during large disturbances and exhibits current-source characteristics. According to the different external conditions, different trigger conditions are set to switch make the converter's switch the control mode, and the control mode is highly adaptable. Finally, the current research status of different control modes is compared and summarized, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed, and the future research priorities are pointed out, so as to further promote the development of the “new energy storage” combines energy storage mode modes and ensures the safe and stable operation of the new power system.
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Received: 28 April 2025
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2026, Vol. 41 
