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| Analysis of Subsynchronous Oscillation Characteristics and Mechanism of Grid-Forming/Grid-Following Hybrid Wind Farms |
| Gao Benfeng1, Liu Peixin1, Sun Dawei2, Wang Xiao2, Wu Linlin2, Deng Pengcheng1, Zheng Zhanxiang1, Ju Mengqin1 |
1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-grid North China Electric Power University Baoding 071003 China;
2. State Grid Wind-photovoltaic-energy Storage Hybrid Power Generation Technology Laboratory North China Electric Power Research Institute Co. Ltd Beijing 100045 China |
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Abstract With the increasing penetration rate of new energy units, the power system has more oscillation accidents with grid-following direct-drive wind farms. Compared with the grid-following control, the grid- forming control has suitable voltage and frequency support capabilities, and wind energy can be transmitted through the hybrid wind farm where the two controls coexist. After the grid-forming direct-drive wind farm based on the matching control strategy partially replaces the grid-following one, the influence mechanism of the hybrid wind farm subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) formed by the match-grid-forming wind turbine needs to beclarified.
This paper first introduces the match-grid-forming control, the grid-following control, and the topology of the hybrid wind farm. Based on the mathematical model of the grid-connected system, the small signal model of the system is constructed in Matlab/Simulink simulation using the modular modeling method. Then, the small signal model of the grid-connected system is analyzed, the dominant SSO mode and its participating factors areanalyzed from the wind turbine proportion perspective, and the influence of match-grid-forming wind turbines on SSO is explained from the damping perspective. Finally, regarding root trajectory and electromagnetic transient time-domain response, the changes in SSO characteristics under different operating parameters are analyzed.
After the SSO triggered by the grid-following wind farm occurs in the hybrid wind farm, the parameters of the grid-following wind farm are mainly involved in the dominant SSO mode, and the participation of the match-grid-forming wind farm and the AC grid parameters is limited. With the increase of match-grid-forming wind turbines in the hybrid wind farm, the eigenroots of the dominant SSO mode gradually decrease, and the oscillation frequency in creases in the range of about 1 Hz. Moreover, the damping of hybrid wind farms increases in the subsynchronous frequency band. There is a damping minimum in the damping frequency characteristic curve, and the risk of SSO at this frequency is the greatest in the system.
The conclusions are as follows. (1) The SSO caused by the grid-following wind turbine in the hybrid wind farm is mainly related to the parameters of the grid-following wind farm, which are rarely involved in the SSO mode. (2) Match-grid-forming wind turbines can improve the system’s damping in hybrid wind farms. When SSO occurs in a hybrid wind farm, the match-grid-forming wind turbine can play a restraining role. The proportion of match-grid-forming fans increases, and the inhibition effect also increases. However, the effect is weakened, and the proportion of match-grid-forming fans is appropriate at 20%. (3) Only when the proportion of match- grid-forming fans increases, can the SSO of grid-following fans be inhibited significantly. The parameters can be optimized based on the grid-following wind farms: within a specific range, increase the DC bus capacitance parameter CDC, decrease the phase-locked loop proportionality factor, and increase the integration coefficient of PI3L in the current inner loop Ti3L.
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Received: 06 March 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
