Abstract With the proliferation of massive state monitoring data, the health status monitoring of critical components in complex electromagnetic energy equipment demands increasingly stringent requirements for real-time and reliable performance. Edge intelligence technology, dedicated to decentralizing intelligent algorithms and computational resources to the device end, presents a promising approach to addressing the challenges of fault diagnosis in such systems. This paper introduces a novel lightweight fault diagnosis method leveraging edge intelligence, which processes data near its source, mitigating issues related to limited resources in industrial embedded systems and the delays caused by massive data transmission. At the heart of our proposed method is the application of compressive sensing during data acquisition. This technique effectively compresses dense, multivariate monitoring data into a sparse form, significantly reducing data volume while preserving critical fault-related information. The subsequent integration of deep extreme learning machines (DELM) and kernel functions allows for a profound exploration of the relationships between the compressed data and potential faults. The model is then refined through lightweight techniques, making it suitable for deployment on edge computing devices, thus minimizing the demands on data transmission, computation, and storage resources. The effectiveness of our method is empirically validated through rigorous testing on an EdgeBoard AI computing platform, a device designed to emulate real-world industrial conditions. The results are compelling: the method achieves a diagnostic accuracy exceeding 99%, with a diagnosis time well within the millisecond range, underscoring its potential for real-time industrial applications. A detailed analysis of the impact of compression ratio on diagnostic efficiency reveals that an 80% compression rate offers the optimal balance between accuracy and speed. Moreover, the incorporation of particle swarm optimization (PSO) into the model further enhances its performance by dynamically optimizing key parameters, leading to superior generalization and classification accuracy. The robustness of our method is further demonstrated through its application on a fault data simulation platform, where it is compared against state-of-the-art fault diagnosis techniques. The results indicate that our method not only requires less input data dimensionality but also significantly outperforms other methods in terms of diagnostic time and accuracy. The use of temporal-spatial features, extracted through a combination of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for spatial learning and simple recurrent units (SRU) for temporal dynamics, contributes to the model's high performance. The SRU, in particular, stands out for its ability to mitigate the gradient disappearance problem and reduce computational costs compared to traditional recurrent neural networks like LSTM and GRU. The model's resilience to input data noise, as evidenced by the inclusion of Gaussian noise in the tests, further attests to its robustness in practical scenarios. The study concludes that the edge intelligence-based fault diagnosis method is not only a significant advancement over existing methods in terms of real-time processing and diagnostic precision but also substantially alleviates the computational and transmission burdens associated with fault diagnosis. The successful validation on both the EdgeBoard AI platform and the fault data simulation platform confirms the method's practical applicability and its potential to revolutionize the field of intelligent fault diagnosis for electromagnetic energy equipment.
Shan Nanliang,Xu Xinghua,Bao Xianqiang等. The Lightweight Fault Diagnosis Method of Electromagnetic Energy Equipment Based on Edge Intelligence[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(3): 821-831.
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