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| Steady-State Performance of a Novel Dual-Capacitor Three-Phase Induction Motor in Single-Phase Operation Mode |
| Zhao Guoxin1, Cui Xiaoyuan1,2, Bai Haonan1, Chen Dezhi1, Zhang Peng1 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China;
2. China Energy Construction Group Liaoning Electric Power Survey & Design Institute Co. Ltd Shenyang 110179 China |
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Abstract Single-phase induction motors are powered by a single-phase AC power supply. The air gap field of a single-phase asynchronous motor is an elliptical rotating field that includes a negative sequence rotating field, which causes the motor to produce a braking torque during operation. As a result, the motor's output torque and efficiency are reduced. Generally, applying sinusoidal windings in single-phase motors results in low utilization of the motor stator slot area. Single-phase motors have low efficiency, large size, and high-temperature rise. By connecting appropriate capacitors to the three-phase induction motor windings, the three-phase induction motor can be supplied by a single-phase AC power. This paper proposes a novel windings and capacitors connection method, where the windings of the three-phase induction motor are connected to two capacitors.
The connection circuit between capacitors and the three-phase windings for the new single-phase operation motor is given. Then, the phasor diagram about the voltages and the currents is derived. The positive-sequence and negative-sequence equivalent circuits are established. Based on the symmetrical component method, the symmetrical operation condition is analyzed, and the optimal matched capacitors are obtained. Subsequently, the calculation method of motor performance for the new single-phase operation motor in a steady state is investigated.
The proposed scheme applies to a standard 550 W three-phase induction motor (Y2-801-4). The influence of the capacitance on motor performance is investigated, and the optimal two capacitances are determined. According to the FEM analysis, currents in three-phase windings are almost balanced, and the distribution of the magnetic field is rational. The air-gap flux density of the new single-phase motor is approximate to the original three-phase induction motor.
The performance tests under three-phase and single-phase operation conditions are carried out. The three winding currents during single-phase operation is almost symmetrical, which agrees with the theory. The efficiency, power factor, and maximum torque are 70.2%, 1, and 5.8 N·m, respectively. The efficiency is slightly lower than the three-phase motor (71.8%), and the power factor is far higher than the three-phase motor (0.75). The temperature rise of the two operation modes is 72.6 K and 69.8 K, respectively. The temperature rise of the single-phase operation is slightly higher, but it can satisfy the operation requirement. The locked-rotor torque is 1.9 N·m, and the locked-rotor torque ratio is 0.52. The locked-rotor torque is smaller than the three-phase motor and much bigger than the standard single-phase induction motor with an operating capacitor (YY8014, 550 W, the locked-rotor torque is 1.3 N·m, locked-rotor torque ratio is 0.35). Compared with the YY8014, the efficiency is increased by 6%, the current is reduced by 15%, and the volume of the effective materials is decreased by 17%.
The following conclusions can be drawn. The proposed capacitor connection method is practical. The experiments verify the new scheme and the analysis process. The new single-phase motor's performance is approximate to the original three-phase motor and much better than the common single-phase motor.
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Received: 04 January 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
