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| Review and Development Prospects of Matrix-Torque Machine Systems |
| Jia Shaofeng1, Sun Pengcheng1, Yang Dongxu1, Lin Jun1, Deng Hongjing1, Qiu Hongbo2, Liang Deliang1 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China;
2. College of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China |
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Abstract Matrix-torque machines (MTMs) are new flux modulation machines that integrate multiple magnetic sources within a single machine to interact with sources and generate torque components. MTMs demonstrate significant application potential in aerospace, polar exploration, and military equipment in complex and harsh environments. This paper reviews the current MTM technology, focusing on the concept, topology, working principle, and drive and control systems based on the latest research. Finally, it summarizes the main technical challenges MTMs face and their future application prospects.
(1) The matrix concept was proposed in mathematics and extended to electrical equipment, including matrix converters, transformers, and batteries. The equipment's flexibility in control and reliability is enhanced by specially arranging each component. MTM integrates multiple magnetic sources within a single unit, generating torque through mutual coupling. This process is analogous to matrix operations, defined as a “matrix-torque machine”.
(2) MTMs are commonly classified into electrically excited MTMs (EE-MTMs) and permanent magnet MTMs (PM-MTMs) based on the difference in magnetic source configuration. The EE-MTM uses an excitation winding as the excitation source, whereas the PM-MTM uses permanent magnets. MTMs can generate multiple torque components based on the multiple flux modulation principle. Each torque component can operate independently or in conjunction with others. Compared to conventional machines, MTMs offer significant advantages in key performance metrics, such as power/torque density, cost per power unit, and efficiency.
(3) The MTM drive system is characterized by abundant torque sources, controllable magnetic sources, dual electrical input ports, a high degree of control freedom, and mutual coupling of magnetic sources. The mathematical model of the MTMs and the structure of the basic drive control system are introduced. The current loop decoupling control, multi-mode control, and cooperative control of the MTMs are summarized. The robust multi-mode capability and fault tolerance of MTMs under varying conditions are demonstrated.
(4) The current technical challenges are discussed, including rotor winding power supply reliability, rotor loss and temperature rise suppression, fault tolerance and decoupling control strategies, and fault location and diagnosis.
MTMs generally integrate multiple magnetic sources that cooperate within a single unit to generate multiple torque components, achieving breakthroughs in integration, torque density, fault tolerance, and other performance metrics. Theoretical research on the multi-magnetic source configuration of MTMs will offer new perspectives for the next generation of highly integrated machines and provide competitive solutions for application scenarios such as aviation machinery and new energy vehicle drive systems.
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Received: 23 December 2024
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2025, Vol. 40 
