超导体及其在超导设备中的失超检测方法综述

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241161

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Abstract Superconducting machines with high torque density and efficiency are becoming a research hotspot. However, quench events in superconducting coils critically threaten their reliability and safety. Currently, the quench detection methods for superconducting machines remain underexplored. This paper evaluates the quench detection methods for superconductors in typical superconducting equipment. These methods are categorized and reviewed based on the different detection signals employed. The advantages, disadvantages, and suitable scenarios of quench detection methods are summarized, and the potential challenges are analyzed regarding the structural features and operational characteristics of superconducting machines, offering practical insights for quench detection of superconductors employed in superconducting machines.
This paper introduces the characteristic changes of superconductors during quench to provide candidate physical signals for quench detection. Based on the differences in detection signals, the existing quench detection methods are categorized into two major types: temperature change and quench resistance change. In addition, the quench detection methods based on quench resistance change can be further divided into voltage and impedance change. The existing quench detection methods' principles, applicable objects, advantages, and disadvantages are analyzed and summarized. It provides methodological reference and technical support for the quench detection of superconducting coils in superconducting machines. The issues that need to be solved for quench detection are described. Subsequently, four feasible quench detection methods are illustrated.
The challenges of existing quench detection methods are indicated based on superconducting machines’ structural features and operational characteristics. (1) Machine structural limitations: The superconducting coils are usually wrapped by electromagnetic shielding layers and placed inside a narrow Dewar in superconducting machines. These structural characteristics make it challenging to implement quench detection methods, which require installing sensors and laying signal wires. (2) Complex magnetic field environment: Due to armature and exciting fields, a complex and periodically changing magnetic field is generated during the operation of superconducting machines. As a result, quench detection methods based on magnetic field change and series thermocouples are susceptible to electromagnetic interference and have low detection accuracy. (3) Mechanical vibration and noise interference: There are unavoidable mechanical vibrations and noise during the operation of superconducting machines, severely reducing the reliability of the quench detection methods based on strain change and acoustic signal. Subsequently, a research direction for the quench detection method based on voltage change shows a high applicability. The future trend will be to develop a comprehensive detection method primarily based on voltage change, with the assistance of other quench detection methods.

Key words： Superconductor superconducting tape superconducting cable superconducting coil supercon- ducting machine quench detection

Received: 03 July 2024

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	Wang Shaorui
	Li Xianglin
	Zhang Zhiheng
	Sang Mingzhe
	Hua Wei

Cite this article:

Wang Shaorui,Li Xianglin,Zhang Zhiheng等. Overview of Quench Detection Method for Superconductor and Its Superconducting Equipment[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(16): 5164-5185.

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