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| Passivity-Based Control Strategy and Parameter Design Method for Fuel Cell-Lithium Battery Hybrid Power Supply System |
| Ao Wenjie1, Chen Jiawei1, Chen Jie2, Chen Pengwei2 |
1. School of Automation Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China;
2. College of Automation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 211106 China |
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Abstract Multi-source hybrid power supply technology can effectively utilize the performance of different power supply units and is widely used in electrified transportation systems. However, as more and more loads with constant power characteristics and strong pulsation characteristics are connected to the system, the system's large-signal stability and dynamic performance are hard to guarantee. Recently, some nonlinear control methods were presented to enhance the stability and dynamic performance of the power supply. However, most existing studies have yet to consider the parameter design that takes into account the dynamic performance and stability of the system. Therefore, this paper designs a composite control method based on passivity-based control (PBC) and extended high-gain state observer (EHGSO) for the fuel cell (FC)-lithium battery (LB) hybrid power supply system (HPSS). The detailed design of the controller and observer parameters is provided, effectively ensuring the system's dynamic and static performance.
First, a mathematical model of the Boost converter considering parameter uncertainty is established. The proposed mixed droop controller is employed and designed for decentralized power allocation. Then the PBC was designed, and its stability was strictly proved based on the Lyapunov stability theory. Due to parameter uncertainties, an EHGSO was employed to enhance the system's ability to cancel uncertainties. A general system parameter tuning method, which considers the converter's static and dynamic requirements, is finally proposed based on the small-signal analysis method.
The simulation model and experimental platform are designed and established. Simulation and experimental results verify the composite controller and the proposed parameter design method. Specifically, the simulation results show that the dynamic response of the FC converter increases with the increase of virtual dissipation resistance and decreases with the rise of virtual dissipation conductance (both of which are adjustable parameters of the PBC controller). The rising time and overshoot are approximately 20 ms and 2% for the FC converter, 6 ms and 1% for the LB converter, and 10 ms and 4% for the EHGSO, respectively. In addition, the experimental results of the FC/LB HPSS with step-changing constant power load (CPL) show that when the CPL steps up from 0.3 kW (10% of full load) to 3 kW (full load), the FC unit responds slowly to load power changes and eventually provides all the load power. In contrast, the LB unit reacts quickly to sudden load power changes with a steady-state output power of 0 kW. In the process, the bus voltage is stable and smooth in the presence of the EHGSO. Similarly, in the case of pulsation load, the LB and FC units automatically supply power to high- and low-frequency loads, respectively. The output power of the FC unit is smoother with EHGSO.
In summary, the following conclusions can be made: (1) The composite controller, composed of a PBC and an EHGSO, can allocate the load power to the FC and LB units in a decentralized way; (2) The small-signal modeling and analysis method can be employed to design the parameters of nonlinear controllers to satisfy the system's dynamic requirements. (3) The proposed parameter design method can be used as a general guideline for designing system parameters of HPSS when nonlinear controllers are adopted.
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Received: 03 January 2023
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2024, Vol. 39 
