1. Hubei Engineering Research Center for Safety Monitoring of New Energy and Power Grid Equipment Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China; 2. Wuhan NARI Co. Ltd State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Wuhan 430074 China; 3. College of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China; 4. Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co. Ltd Nanning 530000 China; 5. Xiangyang Industrial Institute of Hubei University of Technology Xiangyang 441100 China
Abstract Partial discharge (PD) occurs in the operation of power equipment, and it is very important to effectively detect PD of power equipment. However, the traditional single detection method is easy to be limited by the complex electromagnetic interference and signal sampling rate on the spot, and can not rely on a single detection method to reliably detect the PD of power equipment. In recent years, some methods for PD detection have been proposed, but most of them have the problems of low detection accuracy, high cost of multi-equipment joint detection and complex operation. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a PZT-based PD UHF sensor based on the principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic method and two-dimensional planar UHF sensing principle, which can simultaneously perceive ultrasonic signal and electromagnetic wave signal. Through the effective detection of the sensor, the PD characteristic signal of power equipment can be obtained accurately and reliably. Firstly, based on the sensing principle of piezoelectric ultrasonic method and the principle of two-dimensional planar ultra-high frequency sensing, an omnidirectional annular IDT electrode structure is constructed to construct a PZT-based PD ultra-high frequency sensor structure model with simultaneous sensing function of PD ultrasonic signal and electromagnetic wave signal. Secondly, COMSOL and HFSS are used to construct the three-dimensional acoustic and electromagnetic simulation optimization of the sensor. The standing wave ratio parameters of the resonance point displacement, receiving sensitivity and high-frequency electromagnetic wave sensing performance of the comprehensive response composite sensor are simulated and optimized. Thirdly, the sensor ultrasonic gain test platform and PD detection experimental platform are built to measure the performance of the sensor. In this model, the omnidirectional model structure solves the problem that the sensor cannot receive the ultrasonic signal in all directions, and the PZT-based sensor solves the problem that the sensor welding process is complex and easy to fall off, thus forming an accurate and reliable sensing model. The simulation and measurement results of the sensor show that the displacement of the resonance point of the PZT-based UHF sensor with the thickness of 0.40 mm is the largest at 98 kHz, and the calculation results of the other thicknesses are less than 0.40 mm. And the average sensitivity increases with the increase of substrate thickness, and the growth rate tends to be gentle after 0.40 mm. At the same time, the UHF receiving performance mainly affects the bandwidth of VSWR≤5. Furthermore, except for 8.75 mm, the variation trend of the corresponding ultrasonic sensing sensitivity is basically the same, but the gap is basically within 5 dB. At the same time, the bandwidth of VSWR≤5 increases with the increase of feeder distance, indicating that the increase of feeder distance is beneficial to expand the sensing range of UHF signal. Therefore, the substrate thickness of 0.40 mm and the feeder distance of 10.5 mm are used as the sensor parameters. The average sensitivity of ultrasonic sensing is 19.6 dB in the frequency band of 20~200 kHz, and the displacement of 98 kHz resonance point is 0.45 μm. The electromagnetic wave sensing VSWR≤5 in the 0.3~3 GHz band. From the simulation analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The PZT-based composite sensor solves the problem that the ultrasonic method and the UHF method commonly used in PD detection of power equipment cannot use a single sensor to perceive two signals at the same time. Therefore, it is appropriate to apply the sensor to PD detection of power equipment. (2) The designed annular IDT structure has the omni-directional receiving performance of the ultrasonic signal, and the detection range is more comprehensive than the traditional IDT structure sensor.
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2024, Vol. 39 
