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| Multi-Field Propagation Mode-State Analysis of Subway Stray Current Interference on Transformers |
| Pan Chao1, Shi Xiaobo1, An Jingge1, Fu Tongrui1, Meng Tao2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China;
2. Electric Power Research Institute State Grid Jilin Electric Power Co. Ltd Changchun 130021 China |
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Abstract The interference of stray currents from urban subways leads to magnetic bias anomalies in nearby power grid grounding transformers. The coupling relationships between the internal electromagnetic, vibration, and transformer noise with stray current interference need to be studied. In addition, subway stray currents exhibit complex temporal fluctuations, significantly impacting anomaly identification in transformers and other equipment. This paper utilizes multi-physics field coupling to simulate and analyze the multivariate spatial-temporal information of the transformer with stray current interference. Meanwhile, experiments are constructed to verify the simulation results. Based on virtual-real consistency, the interference propagation domains are identified, and the interference criteria can be formed. It provides a basis for safety situational awareness and anomaly identification of urban power grid transformers in resisting stray current interference from rail transit.
Firstly, a time-domain mode-state mathematical model for multi-field interference propagation in a transformer is proposed based on the electromagnetic-mechanical-acoustic coupling principle. Secondly, a 3D finite element model is built based on a three-phase, three-limb transformer JSSG-15 kV·A. The influence of stray currents on propagation characteristics (winding current, magnetic flux, electromagnetic force, vibration, and noise) is simulated under different modes. Thirdly, a dynamic experimental platform is built to measure the transformer’s current, vibration, and noise data. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model are verified by comparing experimental and simulation results.
The following conclusions can be drawn. (1) Under the interference of stray currents, multi-field feature parameters of winding show a “half-wave enhancement, half-wave attenuation” pattern under no-load conditions, and their temporal variability is greatly influenced by time-varying components. When |k| is large, the amplitude fluctuation becomes significant. However, the influence of stray current interference is weak under loading conditions. (2) The vibration and noise of the core increase with higher interference level and load factor. Moreover, they are more severe than the winding in the same mode. (3) The interference of time-varying components results in complex temporal variability of multi-field feature parameters. Instantaneous variations in time-varying component interference can cause an instantaneous increase of vibration and noise in transformer components. (4) The vibration distortion proportion of both the winding and core increases with high interference levels. The distortion proportion of the core is higher than that of the winding. The impact of instantaneous variations in stray currents is more severe on unloaded transformers than on loaded ones.
Finally, the interference propagation domains of multivariate mode-state spaces are classified based on virtual-real consistency. The level of stray current interference affects the characteristic distribution of different fields in components. Therefore, four categories of interference propagation domains are delineated with the interference level h as a key criterion. (1) When 0≤h<0.5, the stray current interference has little effect on the transformer. At this point, the interference level is within the permissible range of the transformer and is determined to be in the safe operating domain. (2) When 0.5≤h<1.5, the vibration and noise of components increase. If the transformer continues to be subjected to stray current interference, it may lead to issues such as flexural deformation and displacement. In this case, it can be determined as a risk mitigation domain. (3) When 1.5≤h<2.0, stray currents result in electromagnetic and mechanical instability within the transformer's internal environment, requiring prompt alarm and resolution. In this case, it can be determined as an abnormal instability domain. (4) When h≥2.0, the stray current interference can cause severe harm to the internal components and insulation of the transformer. In this case, it can be determined as a severe fault domain.
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Received: 02 January 2024
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2024, Vol. 39 
