高频电应力下聚酰亚胺沿面放电演化特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221295

Abstract
Figure/Table
References (0)
Related Citation (15)

Download: PDF (3303 KB) HTML (1 KB)
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

Abstract

In the insulation design of solid-state transformers (SSTs), polyimide (PI) film has been widely used. The most significant reason for the insulation failure of SSTs is surface discharge. This paper proposes a two-dimensional fluid-kinetic plasma simulation model for a needle plate electrode experimental setup using COMSOL Multiphysics software to address this issue. We analyzed the surface discharge development process under high-frequency electric stress by coupling plasma chemical reaction, particle transport equation, and Poisson equation. We developed a simplified model that validates the space charge density from the fluid-kinetic plasma model.
Firstly, at room temperature, applied a frequency of 30kHz and 10kV with a 200V/s short-term rapid boosting method. Record the discharge starting voltage and the flashover voltage along the surface of PI. The discharge signal was measured using the ETS-93686 high-frequency pulsed current sensor. The applied voltage and discharge signal data were collected using a Yokogawa DL6154 four-channel oscilloscope. The real-time collected data is sent to the computer for storage through the USB serial bus and LabVIEW's data acquisition storage system. The development of surface discharge is continuously photographed and recorded using a high-speed camera above the needle electrode.
The experimental results show that the surface discharge carbonizes the dielectric surface and increases the PI surface conductivity. When the voltage frequency is 50Hz, the surface discharge is dendritic, and the discharges appear on both rising and falling edges during a positive half-cycle at this stage, the maximum discharge amplitude is 0.013V, and the number of discharges is 2 180. At high-frequency with the insulation's ageing, there is an increase in the discharge amplitude from 0.009V to 0.015V, and the total number of discharges is 3 610 recorded in the final stage.
To reveal temporal-spatial parameters a fluid-kinetic plasma simulation model was used. This study constructed a fluid-kinetic numerical simulation model by coupling the fluid model with the kinetic model. In addition, the model solves the complex chemical reactions logically to tackle the numerical oscillation problem. The simplified model is predicated on the maintained current carried by charged carriers. Microscopic quantities such as space charge, electron density, reaction rates, and electron temperature are obtained by simulation. The PI surface discharge trajectory at high frequency is linear, and the electron density reaches up to 1.1×10¹⁹m^-3 at 176×10^-6s.
The following conclusions can be drawn：(1)The development process of surface discharge can be divided into four stages. At each stage, the electron density exhibits a linearized characteristic. In this study, through phase resolved partial discharge (PRPD) analysis, it was found that the number of discharges and the discharge amplitude were larger in the positive half cycle. (2) The electron density and temperature increase with the applied voltage amplitude and frequency increase, and the distribution of positive and negative ion density and electron density is similar. (3) The space charge density distribution of surface discharge can be obtained using the simplified model, and the results are consistent with the self-consistent plasma model. (4) With the development of the surface discharge process, the electric field's influence gradually increases the reaction rate. In the final stage of the discharge, the total reaction rate can reach 1 200mol/(m³·s), and its distribution trend is similar to the electron distribution which indicates the correct chemical reaction in the background gas.

Key words： Polyimide surface discharge space charge electron density electron temperature the reaction rate

Received: 30 June 2022

PACS:

TM855

	Service

	E-mail this article
	Add to my bookshelf
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors
	Bilal Iqbal Ayubi
	Zhang Li
	Xu Huangkuan
	Fan Chenlu
	Zou Liang

Cite this article:

Bilal Iqbal Ayubi,Zhang Li,Xu Huangkuan等. Evolution Characteristics of Surface Discharge along Polyimide under High-Frequency Electric Stress[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(5): 1177-1189.

URL:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221295 OR https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/EN/Y2023/V38/I5/1177

[1] 高范强, 李子欣, 李耀华, 等. 面向交直流混合配电应用的10kV-3MV·A四端口电力电子变压器[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(16): 3331-3341.
Gao Fanqiang, Li Zixin, Li Yaohua, et al.10kV-3MV·A four-port power electronic transformer for AC-DC hybrid power distribution applications[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(16): 3331-3341.
[2] She Xu, Huang A Q, Burgos R.Review of solid-state transformer technologies and their application in power distribution systems[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2013, 1(3): 186-198.
[3] 涂春鸣, 黄红, 兰征, 等. 微电网中电力电子变压器与储能的协调控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(12): 2627-2636.
Tu Chunming, Huang Hong, Lan Zheng, et al.Coordinated control strategy of power electronic transformer and energy storage in microgrid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(12): 2627-2636.
[4] Falcones S, Ayyanar R, Mao Xiaolin.A DC-DC multiport-converter-based solid-state transformer integrating distributed generation and storage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2013, 28(5): 2192-2203.
[5] Leibl M, Ortiz G, Kolar J W.Design and experimental analysis of a medium-frequency transformer for solid-state transformer applications[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017, 5(1): 110-123.
[6] Qin Hengsi, Kimball J W.Solid-state transformer architecture using AC-AC dual-active-bridge converter[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2013, 60(9): 3720-3730.
[7] Chen Hao, Prasai A, Moghe R, et al.A 50-kVA three-phase solid-state transformer based on the minimal topology: dyna-C[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(12): 8126-8137.
[8] 周力任, 吴广宁, 高波, 等. 聚酰亚胺薄膜中电荷输运机理和空间电荷特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2009, 24(12): 6-11.
Zhou Liren, Wu Guangning, Gao Bo, et al.Charge transport mechanism and space charge characteristic in polyimide film[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2009, 24(12): 6-11.
[9] Liu Tao, Li Qingmin, Huang Xuwei, et al.Partial discharge behavior and ground insulation life expectancy under different voltage frequencies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2018, 25(2): 603-613.
[10] Montanari G C, Seri P, Stöck M, et al.Investigating electrical performance of polyimide insulation tapes for automotive application[C]//2018 IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, San Antonio, TX, USA, 2018: 369-372.
[11] Zhang Peihong, Zhang Weiguo, Liu Yan, et al.Study on corona-resistance of polyimide-nano inorganic composites[C]//Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (Cat. No.03CH37417), Nagoya, Japan, 2003: 1138-1141.
[12] Kolar J, Ortiz G.Solid-state-transformers: key components of future traction and smart grid systems[C]//the 2014 International Power Electronics Conference, Hiroshima, Japan, 2014: 22-35.
[13] Huber J E, Kolar J W.Optimum number of cascaded cells for high-power medium-voltage AC-DC converters[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2017, 5(1): 213-232.
[14] Guillod T, Färber R, Krismer F, et al.Computation and analysis of dielectric losses in MV power electronic converter insulation[C]//2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, Milwaukee, WI, USA, 2016: 1-8.
[15] 张冠军, 赵文彬, 郑楠, 等. 真空中固体绝缘沿面闪络现象的研究进展[J]. 高电压技术, 2007, 33(7): 30-35.
Zhang Guanjun, Zhao Wenbin, Zheng Nan, et al.Research progress on surface flashover phenomena across solid insulation in vacuum[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2007, 33(7): 30-35.
[16] Sudarshan T S, Dougal R A. Mechanisms of surface flashover along solid dielectrics in compressed gases: a review[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1986, EI-21(5): 727-746.
[17] Trienekens D J M, Nijdam S, Ebert U. Stroboscopic images of streamers through air and over dielectric surfaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2014, 42(10): 2400-2401.
[18] Sobota A, van Veldhuizen E M, Stoffels W W. Discharge ignition near a dielectric[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2008, 36(4): 912-913.
[19] Chen Geng, Tu Youping, Wu Shaocong, et al. Intrinsic hetero-polar surface charge phenomenon in environmental friendly C₃F₇CN/CO₂ gas mixture[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2020, 53(18): 18LT03.
[20] Kumara S, Alam S, Hoque I R, et al.DC flashover characteristics of a polymeric insulator in presence of surface charges[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(3): 1084-1090.
[21] Li Chuanyang, Hu Jun, Lin Chuanjie, et al.Surface charge migration and dc surface flashover of surface-modified epoxy-based insulators[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2017, 50(6): 065301.
[22] Shao Tao, Kong Fei, Lin Haofan, et al.Correlation between surface charge and DC surface flashover of plasma treated epoxy resin[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2018, 25(4): 1267-1274.
[23] Liu Yanqin, Wu Guangning, Gao Guoqiang, et al.Surface charge accumulation behavior and its influence on surface flashover performance of Al₂O₃-filled epoxy resin insulators under DC voltages[J]. Plasma Science and Technology, 2019, 21(5): 055501.
[24] Huang Bangdou, Zhang Cheng, Qiu Jintao, et al.The dynamics of discharge propagation and X-ray generation in nanosecond pulsed fast ionisation wave in 5 mbar nitrogen[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2019, 28(9): 095001.
[25] Huang Bangdou, Zhang Cheng, Adamovich I, et al.Surface ionization wave propagation in the nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge: the influence of dielectric material and pulse repetition rate[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2020, 29(4): 044001.
[26] Ayubi B I, Zhang Li, Xu Huangkuan, et al.Surface discharge characteristics and influencing factors of polyimide insulations under high-frequency sinusoidal voltages[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2022, 16(5): 1000-1012.
[27] Dong Guojing, Li Qingmin, Liu Tao, et al.Finite-element analysis for surface discharge on polyimide insulation in air at atmospheric pressure under pulsed electrical stress[J]. High Voltage, 2020, 5(2): 166-175.
[28] Lee H Y, Kang I M, Lee S H.Fully coupled finite-element analysis for surface discharge on solid insulation in dielectric liquid with experimental validation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2016, 52(3): 1-4.
[29] Singh S, Serdyuk Y V, Summer R.Streamer propagation in hybrid gas-solid insulation[C]//2015 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 2015: 387-390.
[30] Firuzi K, Vakilian M, Phung B T, et al.Transformer components impact on compatibility of measured PDs: comparison of IEC60270 and RF methods[J]. High Voltage, 2019, 4(1): 33-40.
[31] 王泽忠, 全玉生, 卢斌先. 工程电磁场[M]. 2版. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2011.
[32] Shibkov V, Konstantinovskij R.Kinetic model of ignition of hydrogen-oxygen mixture under conditions of non-equilibrium plasma of the gas discharge[C]// 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, 2005: 1-10.
[33] Tsai J H, Hsu C M, Hsu C C.Numerical simulation of downstream kinetics of an atmospheric pressure nitrogen plasma jet using laminar, modified laminar, and turbulent models[J]. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 2013, 33(6): 1121-1135.
[34] Tejero-del-Caz A, Guerra V, Gonçalves D, et al. The LisbOn KInetics Boltzmann solver[J]. Plasma Sources Science and Technology, 2019, 28(4): 043001.
[35] Du Boxue, Liang Hucheng, Li Jin, et al.Electrical field distribution along SF₆/N₂ filled DC-GIS/GIL epoxy spacer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2018, 25(4): 1202-1210.
[36] Sima Wenxia, Liu Chunxiang, Yang Ming, et al.Study of a nonequilibrium plasma model of surface discharge and the influencing factors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2017, 45(6): 906-912.