Flexible Frequency Regulation Scheme of DFIG embed Battery Energy Storage System Considering Deadbands
Yang Dejian1, Wang Xin1, Yan Gangui1, Jin Enshu1, Jin Zhaoyang2
1. Key Laboratory of Modern Power System Simulation and Control & Renewable Energy Technology Ministry of Education Northeast Electric Power University Jilin 132012 China; 2. Key Laboratory of Power System Intelligent Dispatch and Control of Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250061 China
Abstract Doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) can take part in system frequency regulation (SFR) by releasing its kinetic energy of rotor, but the available kinetic energy is limited. DFIG excessive involvement in SFR would lead to the reduction of wind energy utilization, the sudden increase of mechanical stress, and even the instability of DFIG; as a high quality source of frequency regulation, energy storage system (ESS) has the advantages of fast throughput power and flexible control capability, but the frequently charging and discharging of ESS accelerates its electrical aging and reduces its service life. Aiming at issues of the mechanical stress and service life of DFIG and ESS, this paper addresses a flexible frequency regulation scheme of DFIG-embed ESSs based on the artificial deadbands. Firstly, this paper established a frequency response model taking into account the frequency deadbands regulation of the DFIG-embed ESS, and further analyzed the influences of the artificial deadbands on the system frequency dynamics; secondly, the artificial deadbands was used to ensure the activation and limit the depth of the frequency regulation of the DFIG-embed ESS, the frequency response process of the disturbed system was divided into: no response band, response band of DFIG, transaction band of DFIG and ESS, and response band of ESS. DFIG participates in SFR to mitigate the grid frequency fluctuations considering the rotational kinetic energy available from the DFIG, the issues of mechanical stress caused by sudden power change of the DFIG is alleviated during transaction band of DFIG and ESS; ESS provides SFR function to arrest the grid frequency variation taking into account the condition of state-of-charge constraints. Finally, power system model with various wind power penetrations and disturbances was modeled based on an EMTP-RV to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed a flexible SFE scheme of DFIG-embed battery energy storage system. Simulation results on the different SFR schemes illustrate that, in the case of only fluctuating wind speed, the maximum positive frequency deviation and maximum negative frequency deviation are respectively 0.21Hz and 0.19Hz; when the system only uses ESS to take part in SFR, the maximum positive frequency deviation and maximum negative frequency deviation are reduced to 0.15Hz, 0.15Hz, respectively; but ESS performs six shallow charges and discharges (which has potential to adversely influence on the service life of ESS for a long period); when the system uses the frequency regulation strategy proposed in this paper, the system achieves the similar frequency regulation performance as ESS frequency regulation. In the case that the synchronous machine is offline, when the system only uses DFIG to take part in SFR, the frequency nadir is raised to 59.54Hz, but DFIG excessive involvement in SFR to cause drivetrain torque angle uprush to 0.41 deg. and the lowest rotor speed drops to 0.79(pu); when the system uses the frequency regulation strategy proposed in this paper, DFIG and ESS take part in SFR by using the reasonable setting of the deadbands, the frequency nadir is raised to 59.42Hz. In the case of a large disturbance with a high wind penetration level, the proposed frequency regulation strategy could achieve the similar SFR performances with other strategies, e.g. reduces the DFIG frequency regulation depth and relieves the ESS frequently charging and discharging phenomenon. The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: the sequent frequency regulation control strategy of DFIG and ESS is realized by using the reasonable setting of the deadbands, which can effectively avoid the excessive frequency regulation of DFIG, and alleviate the phenomenon of reducing the service life of ESS caused by frequent charging and discharging.
Yang Dejian,Wang Xin,Yan Gangui等. Flexible Frequency Regulation Scheme of DFIG embed Battery Energy Storage System Considering Deadbands[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(17): 4646-4656.
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